RISULTATI RICERCA

The article outlines the One Health concept as a transdisciplinary approach to addressing the significant public health threats resulting from the accelerated pace of climate change. The authors analyse climate change’s direct and indirect effects on human health, examining the potential impact on fertility and birth rates. They explore the relationship between uncertainty for the future, deriving from climate risk too, and the choice to preserve the oocytes for nonmedical reasons. Additionally, the paper underscores the crucial role of the EU Institution in operationalizing the One Health approach via an extensive policy framework. It specifically examines the EU Nature Restoration Law, emphasising the safeguarding and rehabilitating of biodiversity to provide co-benefits for human health and climate change adaptation.

One Health has gained more visibility in recent years, due to the complexity of key health issues. In this article, the One Health framework is used to synthesize a governance model capable of going beyond individual health protection strategies. First, the risk category is presented through a discussion of the recent actions supported by the EU for the management of global risks, with respect to the One Health paradigm. Following this, the analysis shifts to “M6 Salute” of the Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR)1, presenting the measures promoted in a One Health perspective that are oriented at the elderly and frail. Lastly, we highlight the limits and potential of integrated planning, with regard to certain critical issues inherent both to intervention plans on a global scale and to the endemic difficulties of our national health service (NHS).

Monitoring and evaluation of integrated “One Health” surveillance is essential to ensure an efficient allocation of resources, the achievement of surveillance goals and to ensure that all stakeholders assume their roles and responsibilities. Several evaluation tools are available, which differ in their approaches, user-friendliness, comprehensiveness. Here we present the experience of evaluating the degree of One Health implementation of integrated surveillance plans for antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with special reference to ClassyFarm, the Italian system implemented to monitor AMU and AMR in livestock farms.

The purpose of this paper is to outline the roles and functions of veterinary medicine that have been recognised since 2003, particularly in the aftermath of SARS, when a public health and healthcare model was proposed that integrates human, animal, and environmental ecosystem medicine into a unified vision in line with the “One Health” model. The aim is to illustrate that treating humans and animals in isolation, without recognising their interconnectedness, could lead to inadequate responses to epidemics, antibiotic resistance in livestock, misconceptions about human-animal interactions, and the maintenance of ecosystems and food. Finally, the paper aims to contribute to a reflection on the future roles and perspectives of the veterinary profession.

The global spread of emerging infectious diseases in the late 20th century contributed to the development of the One Health approach (OH). However, environmental issues were initially neglected by the OH agenda. This paper describes two case studies of environmental contamination in Italy that catalysed the integration of environmental health into OH practices. In the early 2000s, in the Susa Valley (Piedmont) and the Sacco Valley (Lazio), analyses of cow’s milk revealed widespread chemical contamination. Monitoring campaigns, epidemiological studies and mitigation strategies saw the full collaboration of veterinary, medical and environmental institutions, effectively embodying the OH approach. The results of a SWOT analysis of these experiences indicate that strengthening institutional collaboration, proactive prevention strategies and transparent communication can significantly improve OH outcomes, ensuring a comprehensive response to environmental and health emergencies.

One Health testifies to the ambition to set in motion knowledge, skills and abilities that can avert threats that endanger life, in all its forms, and the planet’s ecosystems. The proactive use of the concept and the usability of a transdisciplinary approach are demonstrated by various applications in the field and the growing interest in the epistemological, ethical and philosophical fields. Here, the use of communication in the context of One Health is detailed and shown with examples that clarify its dimensions and links to governance issues.

General practitioners play a crucial role in implementing a One Health approach. This study investigates this implementation process between regulative framework and a selection of some practices adopted by general practitioners in relation to environmental health in Italy. Moreover, based on the literature review and on the support of Artificial Intelligence, it suggests a decalogue for the One Health general practitioners. The main challenges in the implementation process of One Health approach in primary care concern the investment in territorial health reform in Italy towards the House of the Communities, the valorization of the general practitioners practices related to the environmental health and the further testing and development of the recommended One Health General Decalogue.

The One Health approach is a transdisciplinary and integrated framework recognizing the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health. Supported by organizations like WHO and the European Commission, it addresses global health challenges by promoting disease prevention, detection, and management. Originating from the SARS outbreak and the Manhattan Principles, One Health highlights the impact of environmental factors on health, particularly in childhood. Issues like climate change, deforestation, and urbanization drive the spread of zoonotic diseases, affecting vulnerable populations. Integrating environmental strategies, water sanitation (WASH), and public policy, One Health aims for sustainable, collaborative solutions to protect health across generations.

The prevalence of obesity and related health problems has increased drastically in recent decades. By focusing on the phenomenon within the context of changing relationships between humans, other living species, and the environment, the article opens the way to a One Health perspective for understanding and tackle obesity. The study presents empirical data based on interviews with patients and doctors in a hospital highly specialized in the treatment of metabolic diseases and their associated pathologies. Among the results of the research is that a significant part of the patients interviewed have internalized norms, attitudes and behaviours associated with a state of marginalization and isolation. These findings emphasize the crucial yet often overlooked role of meaningful interpersonal relationships at the meso-level in the obesogenic environment.

Two themes have emerged in the limited literature addressing child health from a One Health perspective. The first has been inspired by widely held societal representations of children as fragile beings who need protection. The second theme concerns the need to offer children with One Health educational pathways that might enable them to protect their own health. This literature has assumed a traditional view of childhood that neglects one of the cornerstones both One Health perspective and the new childhood studies: the need for the active participation of all those involved in the construction of health-related practices. The present study uses conceptual tools from One Health and the new childhood studies to identify the social processes that influence the construction of everyday One Health-orientated life practices and the implementation of children’s right to well-being. We apply some of these tools to empirical material from ours previous research with children with asthma Our data showed how navigating the complexities of managing a chronic illness required the ongoing pursuit of an equilibrium between individual needs, those pertaining to the illness and treatment, and environmental conditions. We discuss how children are active subject and how they sought an empowering and dynamic balance their evolving needs, the demands of illness management, and the environment.

The One Health (OH) approach adopts a relational perspective that encompasses connections and interdependencies among humans, other living species, and the environment. Since the mid-2000s, and even more so after the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers and policy makers have paid increasing attention on this approach. The article discusses different hypothesis on OH’s history. Also, it proposes an understanding of OH’s origins closely linked to how contemporary societies are fundamentally reshaping their way of conceiving risks and dealing with them, as Ulrich Beck has taught us. Finally, the Authors describe OH as a bourdieusian field of actors, practices, and relationships. This implies the consequence of considering as knowledge-producing actors also the bearers of those forms of practical, secular, experiential knowledge that are generally excluded from the production of scientific knowledge, in addition to the bearers of knowledge and interests of an economic and administrative nature.

Questo articolo è basato sulla Tesi di Diploma del Master di II Livello in PNEI e Scienza della cura integrata che l’Autrice ha discusso all’Università dell’Aquila nella sessione del gennaio 2019, con relatore il prof. Francesco Bottaccioli. L’articolo è stato pubblicato in Pnei News. Con la ripubblicazione di questo lavoro vogliamo ricordare, con grande affetto, la nostra cara amica, allieva e collaboratrice che ha recentemente concluso, prematuramente, la sua vita.

Gli studi sul tocco sono sempre più al centro della ricerca scientifica. Non a caso, nel 2021, il premio Nobel per la medicina è stato assegnato a David Julius ed Ardem Patapoutian per aver contribuito ad identificare i recettori responsabili della percezione delle variazioni di temperatura e degli stimoli meccanici. Possiamo dire, quindi, che questa premiazione è un omaggio al mondo somatosensoriale (SS) che contribuisce a definire il nostro contatto con il mondo esterno e la nostra capacità di adattamento. Infatti, gli studi sul tocco hanno lo scopo di rispondere ad una domanda su cui molti filosofi hanno discusso: “come percepiamo il mondo?”. René Descartes immaginò che la superficie corporea fosse collegata al cervello da fili sottilissimi per riconoscere l’ambiente che tocchiamo. Questa intuizione, molti anni dopo, fu confermata da Joseph Erlanger e Herbert Gasser, scopritori delle fibre nervose (Nobel per la Medicina nel 1944 per le scoperte sulla sensibilità SS). Julius e Patapoutian hanno aggiunto un importante tassello: comprendere i meccanismi molecolari che regolano la percezione termica e tattile

In The four realms of existence. A new theory of being human, tradotto da Cortina con il titolo I quattro mondi dell’uomo. Una nuova teoria dell’io, il celebre scienziato newyorkese affronta “il problema difficile” della coscienza. Lo fa partendo da un concetto, che esprime già nella Prefazione: «la comprensione cosciente che avete della vostra mente è una interpretazione, o una narrazione, che sgorga spontaneamente da processi non coscienti», che non sono l’inconscio freudiano, come vuole puntualizzare. Tuttavia, il libro, di circa 400 pagine, racconta una storia ben più ampia, «dove la nostra struttura biologica è il fondamento della struttura neuronale, la quale è alla base della struttura cognitiva e rende possibile la nostra struttura cosciente». Non si tratta però di una visione riduzionista, bensì della «descrizione della interazione tra i modi di essere biologico, neurobiologico, cognitivo e cosciente». Riportiamo qui, con l’autorizzazione dell’Editore, l’intero cap. 15 del volume. Infine, per i seguaci della teoria polivagale e del cervello trino di McLean, ne segnaliamo la critica radicale alle pagine 119123 sotto il titolo “Sciocchezze sul prosencefalo: un racconto magico sull’evoluzione del cervello”.