RISULTATI RICERCA

Over the past few decades, the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been gradually but steadily growing. Progress is primarily associated with the develop- ment of fiscal state policy, which contributes to an increase in the value of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. It significantly improves competitiveness in the world market, prevents inflation, as well as other factors destabilising the national economy. The large-scale export of energy and mineral resources contributes to the positive balance of international trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but in the long term, it is likely a threat to the development of its innovative potential, primarily due to the low level of economic diversification. The aim of this study is to analyse the development of the fiscal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the factors of its influence on the economic competitiveness of the country. The study uses analysis, synthesis, and subsequent comparison of various statistical indicators of the Kazakh- stani economy with the leading world economies. Based on the results of the study, an urgent need was established to focus on expanding the innovation fund with the subsequent development of an innovation strategy. It is one of the most effective mechanisms to ensure intensive growth of national economy, expanding its market potential and increasing economic diversification to a safe level. This task requires, first of all, increased funding for research and development (R&D) of innovations. The paper will be useful to researchers and specialists in the field of economics for forecasting and analysing its further development in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The relevance of the study is that the development and management trends of the structural changes in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan are at different re- gional levels, the model of which is represented by traditional and modern prerequi- sites associated with the pandemic. The purpose is to determine the role of agricul- ture for the economy exemplified by specific regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the pandemic, as well as to find out the effectiveness of tools and mechanisms for conducting economic activity by the current state policy in this area. The practical significance is to present a comparative analysis of the state agriculture management on the example of specific regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, tak- ing into account the pandemic.

Contractual relations between various agricultural producers and other legal entities act as one of the priority areas in research carried out in the field of agro-industrial legislation. The study of specific areas of their activities, the goals they set for them- selves, the array of documentation developed by them, the effectiveness of their work, the presence or absence of interaction with other international structures. There is a detailed analysis of those trends that have generated the need for interstate cooperation and interaction in the field of countering the problems that have arisen in the agricultural sector of the world economy, as well as a set of methods by which these problems are solved. The information that will be presented in this article is applicable as reference, additional information at the state and interstate level of cer- tain activities that are aimed at forming a policy for interaction with both state and non-governmental actors of the world community in the agricultural, agricultural sector.

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a large agrarian country that has an active supplier of agricultural products to foreign markets. The purpose of the study was to investigate the system of state control in the US agro-industrial complex and the possibility of using positive experience for the development of this industry. Such general scientific methods as analysis, comparison, and the monographic method were adopted as a methodological basis. The analysis of the structure, functions and principles of regulation of the agro-industrial complex used in the US state apparatus has shown that the structure of government bodies in the field of agriculture is quite complex and branched. The comparative analysis of the state control in the field of agriculture of two countries: the Republic of Kazakhstan and the USA, revealed strengths and weaknesses in the structure and principles of management of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan.

The development of the latest technologies entails the development of an infor- mation system, which can be the key to achieving success in any business enterprise due to the fact that it helps to form the necessary information flows, organize and provide the necessary information support. The purpose of the study was to identify the real and potential opportunities available to modern Kazakh media to ensure an effective environmental policy at the national level. The paper presents the results of the study of the role of Kazakh media in covering environmental problems on the example of universal green media. The study was conducted based on the review of the materials of specialized and "green" mass media of Kazakhstan and based on the results of a public opinion survey of groups of people - residents of the Pavlodar region to determine the role of the media as a source of environmental information.

The country is landlocked and located on the vast inland space of Eurasia, where climatic conditions impede agriculture and living. In this study, the authors attempt to structure and identify possible factors contributing to the development of a green economy in Kazakhstan. The processes of the green economy are considered in cooperation with the state, society, and business. The selected factors are grouped. The state group includes factors of international cooperation and the implementation of state projects of international significance, the society group includes environmental culture promotion, the volunteer movement, and environmental education, the busi- ness factor includes the use of green technologies and eco-tourism. This approach makes it possible to take a systematic look at the key provisions of environmental policy.

Modern challenges in the economic and geopolitical sphere of the world community determine the necessity to ensure accelerated innovative improvement of the eco- nomic mechanism of Kazakhstan, the transition to digital principles of economic systems and the use of modern initiatives based on the solution of problems related to the substitution of imported goods. The aim is to study and analyse the possibili- ties of sustainable strategic development of business structures using innovations on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author’s analysis of literary sources showed that the level of innovative potential of an economic entity determines the readiness of a commercial organisation to innovate.

The relevance of the subject is the need for immediate international legal regulation and international cooperation between countries in the process of combating the global problem of environmental security and sustainable development. The author analyses the current state of environmental security at the international level and identifies the problems, advantages and disadvantages of international regulation. The results of this study are recommendations on international partnership in environmental nature protection. The authors therefore proposed ways to improve the international legal regu-ation of environmental sustainability. Having analysed the main international legal agreements, recommendations on elimination of shortcomings to achieve effective in- ternational cooperation in the mentioned sphere were provided.

So far, the task is to strengthen the sustainable development of credit technology, which is regarded as an activator of general demand in the economy and an auxiliary resource for the country’s economic growth. At the same time, for the successful implementation of this task, an adequate network of creditors of individuals and le- gal entities (pawnshops, corporate investment funds, banks, small credit companies, retail trade and others) and credit infrastructure, work and simultaneous formation must be built. Undoubtedly, credit technologies constitute an indispensable compo- nent of economic strength, the main factor in accelerating the rise of the Kazakh economy, as well as population wellbeing, ensuring the growing demand of the peo- ples for high-quality banking services. The study presents the economic relations that manifest when lending to legal entities and individuals in the Republic of Ka- zakhstan, and the system of credit technologies of second-tier banks. The theoretical and practical tasks of credit technology in the Republic of Kazakhstan were investi- gated, as well as the modern practice of using the second-tier banks of various lend- ing technologies was generalised, analysed, and evaluated, based on which conclu- sions were drawn regarding the specific features of the current stage of development of the credit activity of banks, as well as the emerging negative and positive trends.

The purpose of this study is a legal assessment of changes in environmental law in the context of foreign trade relations. In the course of this study, author used legal analysis and statistical legal method, which consisted of review and synthesis of the legal framework for environmental protection, analysis of its changes and the impact on environmental and trade indicators. Subsequently author examined the effect of environmental law reforms on foreign trade performance and built a model studying effect of environmental law improvements on trade performance of harmful sub- stances and emissions. This study gives us an opportunity to conclude that the har- monization of national environmental legislation with the standards established by the world community affects the structure of trade turnover, giving preference to green economy products by replacing products containing harmful substances. This work contributes to the process of implementing changes into international treaty and trade law, provides an opportunity to review shortcomings in environmental laws and acts at the national level and helps the institutions to make the right deci- sions to refine them.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on every possible domain of life in every country. The legal environment of Kazakhstan is no exception, namely public relations and the mechanism for their regulation, since they have also been mod- ified. To a greater extent, such transformations concerned the subject, method and methods of legal regulation. The purpose is to determine the characteristic changes in the regulation of public relations during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, governments, including Kazakhstan’s, have had to impose severe restrictions. To a greater extent, they concerned the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities, as well as forms and approaches to the regulation of social relations.

The use of digital technologies in accounting and auditing is relevant for Kazakh enterprises, in connection with the development of digitalization of the economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study describes in detail the types of digital tech- nologies in accounting and auditing: blockchain, cloud technologies, Big Data, soft- ware robots and artificial intelligence, the Internet of things. The article studied in depth the essence of each of the mentioned technologies, as well as the level of their use in Kazakhstan accounting. Digital accounting and auditing technologies facili- tate accountants and auditors’ work, help to easily obtain primary information, avoid mistakes, and quickly generate financial and management reports. The transition of accounting and auditing to digital technologies has accelerated in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and telecommuting. The article is aimed at studying digital technologies in accounting and auditing at enterprises, as well as the problems and prospects for implementation in accounting and auditing at enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study used methods: general scientific, specific, anal- ysis, synthesis, hypothesis, comparison, generalization, observation, induction, de- duction, and abstraction. The main results of the study are the identification of the main problems in the use of digital technologies in accounting and auditing at Ka- zakh enterprises, as well as the prospects for their development and the future from their implementation. The conclusions specify what has already been implemented in accounting and auditing at Kazakh enterprises and list the main ways of introduc- ing the described foreign digital technologies in accounting and auditing. The prac- tical significance of the obtained results will allow enterprises to determine the best digital technology for its implementation in accounting and auditing.

Kazakhstani grain market is an integral part of the agro-food complex (AFC) func- tioning in a difficult macroeconomic situation and requires the establishment of a pricing policy for grain products, the liberalization of trade in grain and processed products, taking into account the scale of effective demand and the standard of living of the population. The relevance of the problem stated in the article is due to the acquisition of profitable opportunities, but with high competitiveness requirements and the risks of being a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical as well as scientific and meth- odological foundations for the grain market development with an assessment of the existing practice of applying WTO system agreements on disputes over trade in grain and its products. Methods. Using the methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison, the individual stages and the procedure for resolving grain disputes are studied tak- ing into account the experience of countries participating in grain disputes. The arti- cle describes the issues of functioning of the grain products market in Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, it was possible to find out that the methods of settling trade and improving the existing legal system through the analysis of WTO dispute reso- lution resources positively affect the development of the agricultural sector in Ka- zakhstan. The development of new trade rules within the WTO framework provides access to the global market for agricultural products and provides assistance on the scale of regional trade agreements.

The relevance is conditioned by the need for a substantive investigation of the current state of the problems of legal provision of epidemiological safety of the population in the context of modern challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose is a qualitative investigation of the problems of legal provision of sanitary safety of the population in the context of modern challenges, and the search for effective opportunities to ensure legal protection of measures for the qualitative solution of problematic issues related to solving the problems of epidemiological safety of the main segments of the population. The results indicate significant successes achieved to date in the Republic of Kazakhstan in matters of legal regulation of sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population.

The purpose is a doctrinal interpretation of the concept of constitutional regulation, its content, and issues of its limits. The study covers the relationship between constitutional regulation and the broader concept of legal regulation. Conclusions are drawn regarding the uselessness of doctrinal and legislative establishment of the limits of constitutional regulation when it comes to the boundaries of the field of con- stitutional law. The conclusions and proposals obtained are of some importance for the development of a scientifically based doctrine of constitutional, legislative, and subordinate regulation, which in turn will affect the improvement of legal technology of legislation and the effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation of public relations.

La voce e il canto in luoghi storici e archeologici per viaggiare nel tempo attraverso il suono. Performance sonore e vocali attraverso la ricerca e la sperimentazione all'interno di spazi che hanno straordinarie architetture e riverberi. Avere una connessione con la profondità storica, geografica e culturale delle origini attraverso le nostre "Voci di Dentro" per creare "Altri Spazi" e migliorare le qualità percettive e di emissione vocale. Con voce e strumenti musicali è possibile improvvisare in totale libertà, ispirandosi alla forte relazione con i luoghi, utilizzando strumenti che si adattano agli ambienti come percussioni, strumenti a fiato, strumenti ad arco, conchiglie, pietre e acqua. I luoghi delle performance sono: Le antiche Terme di Baia, Il Castel Sant'Elmo (Napoli), Il Castello Maschio Angioino (Napoli).  Oltre all'esperienza artistica, terapeutica, sonora e sperimentale, il progetto si propone come un percorso di valorizzare e fruizione dei siti storici, archeologici, moderni e postmoderni e della comunicazione tra antiche e nuove tradizioni, realizzando performance dal vivo e produzioni audiovisive. L’autore conduce, da oltre 10 anni, la sperimentazione e la ricerca de La Voce negli Antichi Spazi in diverse università, convegni e accademie italiane.

The origin of the Theatre of Arts Academy of Tirana dates back to the early 20th Century, based on the design of the Italian architect Gherardo Bosio. It was almost abandoned in the last 20 years and only recently a complete renovation has been undertaken, including the extension of the Orchestra pit. Measurements were carried out at different points in the platea, in the gallery and in the lodges, using both balloon bursting and sine sweep convolution technique. The results of the measurements achieved in each of the areas with the two different techniques were compared with each other and with the reference values given by literature. According to the measurements, the Theatre appears to be rather dull, but is nevertheless listed as one of the best theatres in Albania. Acoustic measurements (monaural and binaural IRs) were then used to calibrate the 3D simulation model and to elaborate the new acoustic design of the Theatre, the most important part of which concerns the reopening of the Orchestra pit, which had been closed and unused for the past decades. The paper briefly reports the history of the Theatre and the most important outcomes of measurements and simulations.

Rispetto ad un impianto audio installato in un luogo convenzionale, aspetti come il percorso dei cavi, le dimensioni e le posizioni degli altoparlanti sono soggetti a limitazioni che richiedono una particolare attenzione da parte dell'appaltatore, nella definizione del layout dell'impianto e della sua messa a punto. Inoltre, sono presenti tutte le problematiche tipiche legate alla progettazione di un impianto audio in un grande spazio all’aperto principalmente legate alla velocità di propagazione del suono e alla capacità di integrazione dell'orecchio umano. Nel presente articolo è presentata la metodologia di progettazione del sistema.

Modern technologies have become a familiar feature in experiencing our cultural heritage. With the AURA (Auralisation of acoustic heritage sites using Augmented and Virtual Reality) project, music and opera houses in Berlin, Florence and Lviv opened up to the potentials of auralisation for music performing arts and establishments. AURA reached out to the European music community and offer a wide range of opportunities of building new audiences, new business models, new performance practices and exciting new aural experiences. Also, it aims to create a model for cross sectoral collaboration to foster creativity and to promote European heritage in new ways. The present article describes the procedures applied by Vie en.ro.se Ingegneria project partner to engage different target groups, make them experience auralised models of the three theatres and assess their perception through a questionnaire designed ad-hoc for each group and through the participation in round tables discussions. The main outcomes from the analysis of the collected data are reported, together with the structure of video tutorials implemented to ensure a wide dissemination of results.