RISULTATI RICERCA

La necessità di un approccio mirato per prevenire e curare i disturbi da uso di sostanze e le addiction comportamentali tra i giovani tra i 14 e i 24 anni ha portato all'implementazione di un modello di lavoro congiunto presso l’ ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo di Milano. Il modello coinvolge l'equipe di Diagnosi e Trattamento Precoce (DTP) del Servizio per le Dipendenze (SerD) Territoriale e il Centro Giovani Ponti (CGP), entrambi appartenenti al Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze (DSMD). Lo scopo di questa collaborazione è fornire ai giovani pazienti e alle loro famiglie un ambiente accogliente e accessibile dove trovare supporto ed assistenza. Il modello cerca di ridurre "l'intervallo di malattia non trattata" attraverso la facilitazione della diagnosi precoce e la terapia tempestiva. In particolare, il CGP fornisce una porta d'ingresso ai servizi specializzati per il trattamento delle dipendenze, agevolando così l'accesso di pazienti e familiari. L’articolo descrive il modello operativo implementato attraverso questa collaborazione e riporta i risultati preliminari raggiunti tra marzo 2021 e agosto 2022. L'articolo discute i casi specifici in cui il modello viene applicato, l'uso di test diagnostici e i benefici della collaborazione tra i servizi. Nel complesso, la partnership tra l'equipe DTP e il CGP ha mostrato risultati promettenti nell'affrontare le esigenze dei giovani e delle loro famiglie.

In community settings, the treatment of Gambling Disorder is based on a multidisciplinary approach, which takes into account the multidimensional aspects of addiction, which is treated from all points of view – medical, psychological, educational and social/family. The experience of the last 6 years of the Comunità Incontro Onlus has shown, both in individual and personalized treatment, and thanks to the therapeutic groups that out of 100 guests of the Structure, 32 gambling addicts were detected in the year 2022, of which 5 “pure” and 27 “non-pure”, i.e. multi-addicted to cocaine and alcohol, demonstrating how awareness of this problem is underestimated. From the study of the Comunità Incontro, it emerged that at the beginning of the path in the community, the difficulty in understanding the reported problem emerges, since the idea that “sooner or later you win” still exists. It is important to work on awareness, to understand each of the player’s perceptions and cognitive distortions. It is essential to work on personal acceptance of the pathology, on not fearing the judgment of the other, on the motivation for the treatment path. Group work proved to be important, as it starts from the experiences of the participants or from events that occurred in the previous days and tries to recognize the typical dynamics of gambling. The group experience has proved to be useful in allowing the participation of subjects with very low levels of awareness as well, since they are invited to compare themselves with the experiences of others without necessarily having to expose themselves personally. It has been shown that, thanks to community and individual and group therapeutic work, there is an increase in awareness, from admission to the following six months, but above all in the number of people who experience the ability to control impulse and reduce desire, as measured at admission, 6 months and 12 months after the start of the course, also with the aid of diagnostic tools.

According to recent neurocognitive models of addictions, a vicious combination of altered executive functions (EF) and dysfunctional reward system represents a main determinant of clinical picture. Executive dysfunctions also have a great impact on worsening addiction disorders as well as on treatment outcomes. Thus, detecting executive dysfunctions with sensitive tools is crucial in order to tailor therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions to patients. We here report the testing of the Battery for Executive Functions in Addiction (BFE-A), a novel battery for EF screening.151 patients with Substance-Use Disorder and 56 health participants completed the seven digitized BFE-A subtests tapping on: learning and memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, focused attention, attention regulation, and inhibitory control. First-level statistical analyses highlighted lower performance of the clinical sample with respect to healthy participants across all the battery subtests, though verbal memory and focused attention proved to be te most impaired functions. Regression analyses, then, revealed that longer abstinence led to greater memory performance and that a longer history of substance abuse specifically led to less efficient information-processing speed. Findings provide support to the evaluation of the BFE-A as a brief but informative screening battery, potentially complementing the diagnostic process in clinical settings.

Consistently with the rapid and disruptive growth of digital transformation (DT), many studies in the field of accounting have investigated how digital technologies are used to improve reporting quality, effectiveness, timeliness, and other similar attributes. Conversely, there is a research gap concerning the features (and the respective preparers behaviors) of non-financial disclosure about the DT process experienced by the companies. To this end, integrated reports, which contemplate a section dedicated to comment about the business model (BM), might be suitable documents to be investigated. There is still little relevance attributed to the information disclosed to represent the impacts of DT on BM elements and on the relationship with stakeholders. Hence, this study proposes an exploratory approach mapping the DT reporting that a sample of Italian listed companies disclosed by adopting the principles issued by the International Integrated Reporting Council - IIRC (now Value Reporting Foundation). This research shows how BM reporting can help to understand whether and how companies implement a DT strategy. It also demonstrates that the representation of the relationship DT/BM is shallow and incomplete and that it is mainly used with the aim of enhancing legitimacy.

In the current digital economy, every sort of organization today must invest in dig-italization in order to remain competitive, to enhance business operations, and to increase profitability. Even within professional football clubs, the use of new tech-nologies has become essential, both from a sports point of view, to improve play-ers’ performance and team results, and, from an economic point of view, to im-prove company management and increase revenues. The objective of this study, which employs a quantitative research approach, is to identify the sporting, economic, and financial performance measures on which the digitalization of these sectors has a significant impact. Digitalisation was analysed from the perspective of intellectual capital, a general indicator of digitalization was created and calculated for each of the 20 Serie A clubs. It was then associated with the key economic, financial, and sporting performance factors. The analysis showed a significant positive correlation with the following variables: i) final placement; ii) number of goals scored in the season; iii) turnover; iv) annual costs of players and coaches; and v) annual costs of players and coaches plus their depreciation. These results provide insight into how digitalisation is pivotal for professional football clubs and may prove useful for managers and board mem-bers of such clubs, academic researchers and practitioners.