RISULTATI RICERCA

The scope of this article is the analysis of the situation created by the Coronavirus which has been a risk to the health of the humans and at the same time has af-fected the legal systems in a country. In addition, this article will try to highlight likewise in the whole World, the same way the Albanian legal system is caught em-inently unprepared to respond and protect "the right to health" and consequently the management of the Covid-19 pandemic. The situation of the pandemic in addition of being a great test for the human immunity, seems to have done the same for the "immunity" of legal systems in general and the Albanian system, on which the study will be focused mainly. Although the legal system provided for exceptional measures to respond to the situation in a subtle way in respect to fundamen-tal rights, the Albanian government in particular and governments around the World seem to have been disoriented and have lost the thread to react in a natural way in respect to the provisions of the legal order in response to the Covid-19 and respect for individual rights of health with dignity. This disorientation of the gov-ernment actions towards the response to the situation seemed to be ineffective and contagious like the virus itself. The situation of Covid-19 infection has begun to be managed through the law that regulates infections and infectious diseases, adopt-ing various secondary regulations in accordance with this law. Thus, in Albania, the Government has made legislative interventions through the decree laws, to tighten the administrative sanctions against people who did not respect the "lock-down". This legislation was followed by the proclamation of the state of emergency throughout the Albanian territory. So the situation inevitably has influence on the sustainability of the society because this disorientation of the legislative activi-ty created confusion in this country. The state of emergency is foreseen in the Al-banian, obviously taking into account the proportionality of the reaction to the danger. In this context, the article intends to make a detailed analysis considering some comparative aspects, and as regards the proportionality of the measures adopted by the Albanian government.

One of the fundamental economic determinants of sustainable development is the optimal use of limited resources and the use of environmentally friendly-nature, energy, and material-saving technologies, including the extraction and processing of raw materials, the creation of environmentally friendly products, minimization, processing and disposal of waste. In this study, in order to clarify the indicator "ecological potential of the region", it is proposed to consider a number of indica-tors that, according to the authors, have a significant impact on this phenomenon. One of the significant indicators for assessing the ecological potential of the territo-ry is the indicator of the area of landfills for the disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) in a particular region. The authors hypothesize that the change in the vol-umes of landfills for the disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) in a particular region depends on the type of development of the territory. As the main defining indicators (factors-arguments) of the development of the region were chosen: the number of manufacturing enterprises, population and gross regional product (GRP) per capita. The authors have developed a regression model to determine the degree of influence of a number of socio-economic indicators on the volumes of landfills for the disposal of MSW. Significant parameters were determined for terri-tories with different types of regional development (extensive type of develop-ment. Using the method of regression analysis, it was found by calculation that for regions of all types of development, the decisive factor that affects the volume of landfills for the disposal of MSW is the population of the territory. With the help of the coefficient of elasticity, the closeness of the relationship of the considered fac-tors-arguments was determined.

The study aims at exploring the consumer perception of products containing palm oil, considering the impact on choices by the recent media campaign on the sub-ject. The exploratory analysis is focused on Millennials and uses the semantic dif-ferential methodology. The data are processed using a Multiple Factor Analysis. Moreover, homogeneous clusters of consumers are obtained by using hierarchical clustering on principal components. The results show that the sample is divided in three clusters: the first pays a lot of attention towards the absence of palm oil in food products, considering this aspect as a sign of a healthier product, more natu-ral and with a higher quality; the second shows a higher environmental sensibility; the third does not pay any attention to the absence of palm oil in food products, and considers the issue of its absence as a trend, a sort of status symbol and some-thing that negatively impacts the taste of certain foods.

The purpose of this article is the study of large companies’ investment activities on the example of agricultural holdings in Ukraine. The belonging of the studied ob-jects to the complex dissipative economic systems with the emerging chaotic be-haviour is proved. The conditions and measures of ensuring the balance of the company’s investment portfolio are studied. The involvement of chaos theory is proposed as a mathematical basis of the studies. The proposed model of agro-holding investment activity dynamics is presented by the system of differential equations and realized using the MatLab software platform. Numerical modelling of the investment processes dynamics in accordance with different values of management parameters is carried out. Transition scenarios of the system to a chaotic motion mode with the emergence of a strange Lorentz attractor are fore-cast. Scenarios of experiments on the model in order to ensure sustainable propor-tional development of production and logistics subsystems of the agricultural hold-ing and the formation of its investment portfolio are proposed. The behaviour di-agnostics system model on the basis of evolutionary equations is aimed at increas-ing the efficiency of making corrective investment decisions for the sustainable development of the agricultural holding.

The purpose of this article is to identify strategic changes in Russian companies belonging to different industries, and to determine patterns in the transformation of domestic business benchmarks in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The results showed that all companies underwent strategic changes related to strengthening social and environmental dimensions. From product and market diversification, companies have moved on to consolidating their own posi-tions, innovations, technological improvement to reduce the negative impact on the environment. As a result, by 2019 they have significantly increased the level of annual income. The results can be useful to enterprises when choosing the optimal strategy and tactics for development.

Climate change not only affects the global environment and natural ecosystems but also the human being. As a result, the relationship among humans suffers a lot due to degradation of values and ethics because of scarcity of resources and fluc-tuation of economic indicators. Climate change and environmental degradation have a greater negative impact on the economy, where the human being is work-ing. Again the economy with the help of these human being with bad relationship, starts producing goods to fulfill human wants and the vicious cycle continues with accumulation of more and more of pollutants in the ecological systems. Therefore, this study reviewed three concepts - value, growth and relationship in a green per-spective. The study finds that we must emphasize the wider vision and deeper val-ues of green growth and sustainability by understanding interconnectedness among all the parts of the planet, which will bring sustainable balance between economy, society and ecological system.

The vector of sustainable development imposes a complex of new requirements on the management of enterprises, the implementation of which implies the con-sistent introduction of innovative digital technologies. In these conditions, the management of modern enterprises needs to assess not only the future costs, the prospects of the implemented ICT technologies, the susceptibility of the produc-tion potential to this ICT technology, but the future potential and the cumulative effect of the costs incurred. With the use of the cost-benefit method, the correla-tion dependence of labor productivity indicators and costs of investments in in-formation and communication technologies was revealed. It has been confirmed that for regions with a high level of industrial development, fixed capital expendi-tures have a cumulative (cumulative) effect. Territories with a predominance of agricultural enterprises and manufacturing industries are characterized by a high susceptibility of the regional economy to the introduction of highly efficient standardized technologies in the field of ICT. And for regions with an extensive type of economic development (forestry and chemical industries), there is a low sensitivity of labor productivity to the level of investment proceeds in the ICT sec-tor. Using the methods of strategic analysis: SWOT - analysis, PEST - analysis, the main factors for identifying the investment potential of the technologies being introduced have been identified.

In the last twenty years public communication has profoundly changed, and institutions have begun to increasingly use methods based on listening, participa-tion and citizen engagement. This paper explores public communication during the Covid-19 crisis, focusing on the local context of Peccioli. In light of the initiatives implemented by the Municipality, it addresses these research questions: how do citizens consider public communication during the emergency, and which channels have been mostly used to stay updated on municipal initiatives? How do citizens evaluate the emergency management by the municipality, and how do they sug-gest improving it in the event of a return of the virus? Through a quali-quantitative approach 268 structured interviews were conducted. Participants were selected from the municipal registry following a proportional allocation based on three so-ciodemographic variables: age, gender and place of residence. The findings high-lighted a) information practices based on the integration of official and unofficial channels and traditional media and digital platforms; b) preference for one-to-one communication, mediated and not; and c) highly positive perception of the work of the municipality.

The Covid-19 emergency has made evident the need for a new approach to public communication and, consequently, the update of the public sector commu-nicators skills. Starting from the analysis of the differences between professional condition, education, digital competence level and, especially, working activities carried out by public sector and private sector communicators who have partici-pated in an Italian media regulatory authority (AGCOM) survey, the goal of these contribution is to identify those elements of innovation in private sector communi-cators job that could be useful in shaping a new professional figure suitable for the evolution of the public communication role in a increasingly disintermediated in-formation environment.

In the mediated construction of social reality, public institutions need to in-crease digital communication and build trust through proximity and relationality. During the crisis generated by Covid-19 this has become even more evident. In this paper we will explore some case study of social media communication in ten Italian Health Public Hospitals and Authorities, exploring them in the light of some key perspectives related to four dimensions related to space, time, relational-ity, digital communities and two objectives of public institutions: inclusion and popularity.

Social media represents for public administration an important area to experi-ment forms of democratic innovation, however this potentiality is often unex-plored. This article, with a focus on the case of the city of Bologna aims to explore 1) whether and how public communication practices enhanced in local participa-tory processes can support a substantial form of participation; 2) which roles so-cial media specifically play in enhancing a participatory environment; 3) which kind of dynamics of interaction emerge between public administration and citizens and the challenges which need to be addressed by a public communication orient-ed to the public engagement.

The paper aims to critically analyze the debate on Public Sector Communication professions that has developed on Twitter with regard to its content and to the main actors involved. We focus on the themes and the words used, in order to explore how discourses about the reform are framed. Secondly, we aim at understanding whether and how different actors have appropriated the topic. While the core of our study adopts qualitative methods, we also provide basic quantitative metrics, which contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics characterizing the conversations addressing public sector communication (PSC). Quantitative analyses include activity metrics, patterns of influence, tweet flow variation over time, user activity, tweet popularity. We then perform a thematic analysis, aiming at identifying the pre-vailing issues, the goals, and the communication style adopted.

The pandemic crisis and the linked infodemic are extraordinary cases to test the EU capability to manage the disinformation disorder, especially towards young people. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the EU communicative actions regarding disinformation about Covid-19, on trust and sense of belonging in young Italian and Spanish university students. The research presents an exploratory and quantitative study that uses a second-generation multivariate analysis method. The results show that trust can be very well the resource on which EU communicative actions may positively impact. Nevertheless, our study reveals that the EU in-stitutions measures have not increased sense of belonging in EU integration.

This work aims to investigate the role played by public sector visual communi-cation within the specific context of an emergency. The analysis of the in-fographics divulged during the pandemic will focus on the meanings, themes, lin-guistic registers and narrative methods that have characterized the infor-mation divulged by the Ministry of Health and by Italian Regional Governments through institutional websites and social media accounts. The emergence of new idioms and language in the e-health management sector represents an opportunity to reflect on the roles and skills of public-sector communicators, and on emergen-cy communication as such.

Public communication, as the communication of hybrid public organizations, appears to be recognized today in France. It is concerned by the theme of hybridi-ty because of the persistent specificities of the bureaucratic model, together with its forms of professionalization and the development of public management inspired by the private sector. So how can we scientifically understand this communication, whose organizational springs and models are hybrids between public, political and private?

This paper looks at the changing communication environment of public sector organizations and examines how the traditional understanding of citizen engage-ment is becoming outdated. Building on literature on customer engagement from marketing and civic engagement from the field of political science, this article es-tablishes the process of citizen engagement in the public sector. Our propositions for future citizen engagement include the following: (i) a willingness and empow-erment to engage from both sides, (ii) the potential for either positive or negative manifestations, (iii) realistic expectations for outcomes, (iv) an understanding of its process-form and (v) having the aim of improving society. We tested these propo-sitions in the context of young opinion leaders in Finland in the Covid-19 related communication aiming to engage citizens to wear protective face masks. Our data confirmed the five propositions, and two new ones also emerged from the data: citizen engagement (vi) occurs in the global information environment and (vii) is enforced by others in society.

The pandemic crisis has led to a renew centrality of public sector communica-tion in a hybrid and convergent media ecosystems aiming at (re)building relation-ships based on trust between institutions and citizens. This contribution reflects on the strengths and fragility of the Italian public communication in the face of the pandemic, considering regulatory processes and paths of professionalization. It focuses also on the challenges of social media use in public sector, suggesting a critical approach towards the platformization of the public sector communication activities. The last part of this manuscript presents the different articles that com-pose the special issue.