Animals tried in court. Facts and problems in the late Middle Ages (XIII-XVI centuries)

Journal title SOCIETÀ E STORIA
Author/s Giulia Rainis
Publishing Year 2016 Issue 2016/152
Language Italian Pages 25 P. 229-253 File size 645 KB
DOI 10.3280/SS2016-152001
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In Western Europe during the Middle-ages, starting from the XII century, it is on record that some animals were brought to trial and had to stand in front of a real court to answer for their offenses. The punishment consisted in a curse or excommunication pronounced by an ecclesiastical authority against the guilty animal. A summary survey of surviving documents and of the relevant theological and juridical literature is conducted by this author in order to highlight the practical and doctrinal aspects of these trials, and to point out the doubts they raised in some observers.

Keywords: Offending animals, trials, justice, curse, excommunication

Giulia Rainis, I processi "civili" agli animali fra prassi e dottrine (XIII-XVI secolo) in "SOCIETÀ E STORIA " 152/2016, pp 229-253, DOI: 10.3280/SS2016-152001