Pluralismo metodologico nello studio delle dinamiche di opinione. Sociometria, web survey, agent-based modelling

Titolo Rivista SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE
Autori/Curatori Dario Germani, Barbara Sonzogni, Federico Cecconi
Anno di pubblicazione 2023 Fascicolo 2023/130
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 14 P. 52-65 Dimensione file 214 KB
DOI 10.3280/SR2023-130003
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Interpersonal influence is a pervasive force in our society. However, despite the many studies in this regard, starting in particular from the sociological classicism, today, what would seem to be missing is the use of an integrat- ed approach to the study of the dynamics of interaction that involve us every day. This study arises from the need to empirically formalize this phenomenon through an investigation of musical preferences among adolescents, thus posing further questions about the ways and reasons why individuals enter into rela- tionships with others. The integrated approach between sociometry, web survey and agent-based modelling allows the phenomenon’s conceptualization as a diffusion study, i.e., the outcome of an imitative process triggered by any reasons for compliance. In particular, the concepts of social influence and homophily have been traced back to a dual mechanism that explains the phenomenon: 1) the behavior of peers who occupy a relevant position within relational groups; and 2) the interaction favored by specific elements related to the similarity be- tween individuals. The empirical results obtained from a web survey were com- pared with those generated by the simulative model in order to reproduce the observed social phenomenon and to control the theoretical hypotheses underly- ing the model itself.

  1. R.L. Akers, M.D. Krohn, L. Lanza­Kaduce, M. Radosevich (1979), «Social Learning and De- viant Behavior: a Specific Test of a General Theory», American Sociological Review, 44, 4, pp. 636-55.
  2. S.E. Asch (1956), «Studies of Independence and Conformity, I: A Minority of One against a Unanimous Majority», Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 70, 9, pp. 1-70.
  3. R. Axelrod (1997), «The dissemination of culture: A model with local convergence and global polarization», The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41, 2, pp. 203-26.
  4. D. Baldassarri (2005), «Oltre il “free rider”: l’utilizzo di modelli formali nello studio dell’azio- ne collettiva», Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, 46, 1, pp. 125-56.
  5. L. Berzano, C. Genova (2014), Sociologia dei lifestyles, Roma, Carocci.
  6. M. Bonolis (2011), «Molti “meccanismi”, nessun “meccanismo”. Il non senso del termine «so- ciologia analitica», Sociologia e ricerca sociale, 32, 95, pp. 13-49.
  7. M. Bonolis (2020), La mente e l’azione (Sociologia e «metapsicologia»), Milano, FrancoAngeli.
  8. P. Bourdieu (1984), Distinction: A Sociological Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press.
  9. D. Byrne, J.L. Clore, P. Worchel (1966), «Effect of economic similarity­dissimilarity on inter- personal attraction», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 2, pp. 220-24.
  10. E. Carli, F. Grigenti (2019), Mente, cervello, intelligenza artificiale, Milano, Pearsons.
  11. J.S. Coleman (1961), The adolescent society, New York, Free Press of Glencoe.
  12. J.S. Coleman (1990), Foundations of Social Theory, Harvard, Harvard College; tr. it. Fonda- menti di teoria sociale, Bologna, il Mulino, 2005.
  13. R. Collins (1988), Theoretical Sociology, Orlando, Harcout Brace Jovanovich; tr. it. Teorie sociologiche, Bologna, il Mulino, 1992.
  14. K.S. Cook, R.M. Emerson, M.R. Gillmore, T. Yamagishi (1983), «The distribution of power in exchange networks», American Journal of Sociology, 89, pp. 275-305.
  15. G. Deffuant, F. Amblard, G. Weisbuch, T. Faure (2002), «How can extremism prevail? A study based on the relative agreement interaction model», Journal of Artificial Societies and So- cial Simulation, 5, 4, -- https://www.jasss.org/5/4/1.html.
  16. G. Deffuant, D. Neau, F. Amblard, G. Weisbuch (2000), «Mixing beliefs among interacting agents», Advances in Complex Systems, 3, pp. 87-98.
  17. M.H. Degroot (1974), «Reaching a consensus», Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, 345, pp. 118-21.
  18. P. Di Nicola (2015), La rete: metafora dell’appartenenza. Analisi strutturale e paradigma di rete, Milano, FrancoAngeli.
  19. É. Durkheim (1897), Le Suicide. Etude de sociologie, Paris, Félix Alcan; tr. it. Il suicidio, Torino, Utet, 1969.
  20. É. Durkheim (1895­1901), Les règles de la méthode sociologique, Paris, Félix Alcan; tr. it. Le regole del metodo sociologico – Sociologia e filosofia, Milano, Comunità, 1963.
  21. L. Festinger, S. Schachter, K. Back (1950), Social pressures in informal groups: a study of human factors in housing, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  22. N. Gilbert (2008), Agent-Based Models, London, Sage.
  23. R. Hanneman, S. Patrick (1997), «On the uses of computer­assisted simulation modeling in the social sciences», Sociological Research Online, 2, 2, pp.65-70.
  24. D.J. Hatch, D.R. Watson (1974), «Hearing the blues: an essay in the sociology of music», Acta Sociologica, 17, 2, pp. 162-77.
  25. E. Katz, P.F. Lazarsfeld (1955), Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications, New York, Free Press; tr. it. L’influenza personale nelle comunica- zioni di massa, Torino, Erv-Eri, 1968.
  26. P.F. Lazarsfeld, F. Stanton (1941), Radio research, New York, Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
  27. P.F. Lazarsfeld, R.K. Merton (1954), «Friendship as a social process: A substantive and metho- dological analysis», Freedom and Control in Modern Society, 18, 1, pp. 18-66.
  28. M. Macy, A. Flache (2009), Social Dynamics from the Bottom Up: Agent-Based Models of Social Interaction, in P. Hedström, P. Bearman (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  29. M.W. Macy, R. Willer (2002), «From factors to actors: computational sociology and agent- based modeling», Annual Review of Sociology, 28, pp. 143-66.
  30. R.F. Marineau (2007), «The birth and development of sociometry: The work and legacy of Jacob Moreno (1889-1974)», Social Psychology Quarterly, 70, 4, pp. 322-5.
  31. R.K. Merton (1949­1968), Social Theory and Social Structure, New York, The Free; tr. it. Teo- ria e struttura sociale, Bologna, il Mulino, 1959-1971.
  32. D.G. Myers (1982), Polarizing Effects of Social Interaction, in H. Brandstätter, J.H. Davis, G. Stocker­Kreichgauer (eds.), Group Decision Making, London, Academic Press.
  33. B. Mønsted, P. Sapieżyński, E. Ferrara, S. Lehmann (2017), «Evidence of complex contagion of information in social media: An experiment using twitter bots», PloS one, 12, 9,
  34. A.C. North, D.J. Hargreaves, S.A. O’Neill (2000), «The importance of music to adolescents», British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 2, pp. 255-72.
  35. L.M. Osbeck, F.M. Moghaddam, S. Perreault (1997), «Similarity and attraction among majo- rity and minority groups in a multicultural context», International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 21, 1, pp. 113-23.
  36. P. Oliver, G. Marwell, R. Teixeira (1985) «A theory of the critical mass, I: Interdependence, group heterogeneity, and the production of collective action», American Journal of Socio- logy, 91, 522. DOI: 10.1086/228313
  37. V. Pareto (1916), Trattato di sociologia generale, Milano, Comunità (1963).
  38. T. Parsons (1951), The Social System, New York, The Free Press of Glencoe; tr. it. Il sistema sociale, Milano, Edizioni di Comunità, 1965.
  39. R.A. Peterson, R.M. Kern (1996), «Changing Highbrow Taste: From Snob to Univore», Ame- rican Sociological Review, 61, 5, pp. 900-7.
  40. C. Powers, R. Hanneman (1983), «Pareto’s theory of social and economic cycles: a formal model and simulation», Sociological Theory, 1, pp. 59-89.
  41. D. Riesman (1950), «Listening to popular music», American Quarterly, 2, 4, pp. 359-71.
  42. A. Saltelli, S. Tarantola, F. Campolongo, M. Ratto (2004), Sensitivity analysis in practice: A guide to assessing scientific models, New York, Wiley.
  43. D.R. Schaefer, S.D. Simpkins, A.E. Vest, C.D. Price (2011), «The contribution of extracurri- cular activities to adolescent friendships: new insights through social network analysis», Developmental Psychology, 47, 4, pp. 1141-52.
  44. G. Simmel (1917), Die Geselligkeit. Beispiel der Reinen oder Formalen Soziologie, in Grundfragen der Soziologie, Berlin und Leipzig, Sammlung Göschen; tr. it. La socievolez- za (a c. di G. Turnaturi), Roma, Armando, 2005.
  45. R. Singh, L.S. Tan (1992), «Attitudes and attraction: A test of the similarity‐attraction and dis- similarity‐repulsion hypotheses», British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 3, pp. 227-238.
  46. D. A. Sprague, T. House (2017), «Evidence for complex contagion models of social conta- gion from observational data», PloS one, 12, 7,
  47. F. Squazzoni (2008), Simulazione sociale, Roma, Carocci.
  48. P. Törnberg (2018), «Echo chambers and viral misinformation: Modeling fake news as complex
  49. contagion», PloS one, 13, 1,
  50. D. Weinstein (1991), «The Sociology of Rock: An Undisciplined Discipline», Theory, Culture & Society, 8, 4, pp. 97-109.
  51. M. Weber (1922), Gesammelte Aufsatze zur Wissenschaftslehre, Tübingen, Verlag J.C.B. Mohr, 1951; tr. it. Il metodo delle scienze storico-sociali, Torino, Einaudi, 1958-1967, 2a ed.

Dario Germani, Barbara Sonzogni, Federico Cecconi, Pluralismo metodologico nello studio delle dinamiche di opinione. Sociometria, web survey, agent-based modelling in "SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE " 130/2023, pp 52-65, DOI: 10.3280/SR2023-130003