RISULTATI RICERCA

La specifica tecnica UNI/TS 11844:2022, pubblicata a marzo 2022, propone una metodologia di determinazione dell’intrusività di una immissione sonora da sorgente identificata che si basa sui principi della “Signal Detection Theory” (SDT). L’entità dell’intrusività è quantificata mediante il parametro “Detectability Level” D’L, calcolato comparando gli spettri, a 1/3 di ottava o in Bark per tenere conto del mascheramento uditivo, della stimata immissione sonora della sorgente specifica, ovvero il “segnale”, e della immissione sonora residua misurata a sorgente inattiva, ovvero il “rumore”.Con la presente nota si intende contribuire al dibattito in corso durante la sperimentazione triennale della specifica tecnica, proponendo alcune riflessioni riguardanti la stima dello spettro della sorgente specifica oggetto di accertamento e la determinazione del parametro “detectability” d’ per ciascuna banda di frequenza, nonché un approccio probabilistico sulla variabilità di D’L conseguente alla scelta dei parametri impiegati per determinare gli spettri del segnale e del rumore da comparare.

Resoconto del Seminario AIA “L’evoluzione del controllo delle vibrazioni: smart sensor networks & industry 4.0” Il 28 marzo a Torino, si è tenuto il Seminario “L’evoluzione del controllo delle vibrazioni: smart sensor networks & Industry 4.0”, presso l’Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM). Il seminario è stato organizzato dall’Associazione Italiana di Acustica (AIA), in collaborazione con INRiM, Politecnico di Torino, ACCREDIA e Arpa Piemonte. Il presente articolo ne riassume i contenuti tecnico scientifici e lo scopo. Resoconto del 49° Convegno Nazionale AIA Si è tenuto dal 7 al 9 giugno, presso il Polo Scientifico Tecnologico dell’Università di Ferrara il 49° Convegno Nazionale dell’Associazione Italiana di Acustica (AIA). Il convegno è stato organizzato dall’AIA con la collaborazione del Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Università di Ferrara e con il CNR-STEMS sede di Ferrara. Nel presente articolo si propone un resoconto delle attività scientifiche e sociali che si sono tenute nei tre giorni di Convegno. Resoconto del X Convegno della European Acoustical Association, Forum Acusticum 2023 Si è svolto a Torino, dall’11 al 15 settembre 2023, Forum Acusticum, il 10° Convegno della EAA – European Acoustics Association, l’Associazione che riunisce ben 33 società acustiche nazionali di tutta Europa. Il Congresso è stato organizzato a livello nazionale da AIA, Associazione Italiana di Acustica, che da oltre 50 anni – è stata fondata nel 1972 – rappresenta in Italia il più autorevole punto di riferimento tecnico-scientifico in materia. Con 1250 partecipanti, di cui 488 con meno di 35 anni, il Forum Acusticum 2023 è stato ospitato al Politecnico di Torino, in un’area rinnovata del campus con aule nuove e attrezzate. Il Congresso ha rappresentato un evento di livello mondiale nei settori dell’acustica e delle vibrazioni e una grande opportunità per i partecipanti di aumentare le proprie conoscenze e di condividere esperienze e competenze. Beautiful Sounds 2023. Suoni positivi per luoghi felici Il 18 ottobre a Firenze, si è tenuto l’evento ”Beautiful Sounds 2023. Suoni positivi per luoghi felici” nella prestigiosa sede di Palazzo Vecchio. Levento è stato organizzato da: Associazione Italiana di Acustica (AIA), Comune di Firenze e Ordine degli Ingegneri, in collaborazione con Vie en.ro.se. Ingegneria e con l’Associazione Pescas. Il presente articolo ne riassume i contenuti tecnico scientifici e lo scopo. Resoconto del Symposium on the Acoustics of Poro-Elastic Materials. SAPEM2023 Si è tenuto dal 7 al 10 novembre 2023, presso il GRAND HOTEL EUROPA PALACE SORRENTO il 7° Convegno Internazionale “Symposium on the Acoustics of Poro-Elastic Materials. SAPEM2023”. Il convegno è stato organizzato dall’azienda Matelys, patrocinato dall’AIA e con la collaborazione del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale dell’Università di Napoli, Federico II e dell’International Institute of Acoustic Technology of the China Acoustic Valley. Nel presente articolo si propone un resoconto delle attività scientifiche e sociali che si sono tenute nei quattro giorni di Convegno.

Editions of the Olympic Games have given rise to an important urban transformation that has opened a new critical perspective on the new urban dimension of the Games, especially in the construction of the three main physical elements: the athletics stadium, swimming facilities and, above all, the «Olympic Village». The study analyses the Winter and Summer Olympic Games in a general way, with particular attention to the relationship between the Olympic spatial dimension and the urban fabric. The relationship of interdependence between the city and the Olympic Games has evolved through new models of development of the Olympic event that have marked the importance of the transformation processes of the city. The lack of previous studies allows us to affirm the importance of the study for the academic debate on the future of the Olympic Village. The study used quantitative factor analysis to investigate the different variables and responses of the Olympic specialists who participated in the sample. The study will observe the perceptions and expectations of respondents through statistical analysis, considering the three elements identified: social, territory and organization.

Introduction: This work examines the causes of the crisis and the fall of one of the most successful British merchant-bankers, Abraham Gibbs who by 1816 had made Sicily the centre of his financial world. It considers Gibbs’ role in British political interests in the Mediterranean, as he financed the affairs of the British government there through Lord Bentinck, Nelson, Hamilton and Leckie. Aim of the work: The authors evaluate whether the Gibbs crisis was caused solely by poor management, and poor business aptitude or by other factors. The relationships Gibbs had with other merchant and bankers like Benjamin Ingham, Falconnet, Barings and Meuricoffre in London, Sicily and Malta are analysed. Methodological approach: The study is based upon the investigation of primary and secondary sources and uses archival material in Sicily and the UK to interpretate the Gibbs crisis. The authors explore the structure and efficiency of Gibbs’ accounting and administrative practice from an interpretative stance, comparing Gibbs administrative practice with Benjamin Ingham’s ones. By using the Ingham Whitaker archive in Marsala, we attempt to reconstruct and prove Gibbs level of accounting management in the context of the British community’s business practices in Sicily. Main findings: in Gibbs’ case more accurate and more reliable accounting pro- cedures, to internally check fraudulent activities, would have been the only real means of protection to safeguard business integrity. Originality: the work offers original information to improve knowledge on a specific and interesting period of the history of both Britain and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the interaction between British and Sicilian economies.

Introduction: Management is a complex issue that necessitates an ethical approach, especially in times of crisis. Indeed, precisely when the decisions to be made are placed in a highly disrupted context, the importance of a managerial class emerges that is not only technically trained but morally cultivated and, therefore, capable of grasping the various social and ethical implications of the decisions made. Aim of the work: This paper, adopting the theoretical framework of virtue eth- ics, aims to analyze biblical famine narratives to identify the moral characters of corporate decision-makers. Methodological approach: The research adopts textual analysis applied to selected biblical texts as an investigative tool. Main findings: This analysis makes it possible to highlight the virtues of the “good decision-maker” who makes wise decisions for himself and for the community; from the results of the analysis follow some practical implications in the managerial sphere, contributing to the debate on the virtuousness of organizations. Originality: The paper is characterized by its exploratory nature, analyzing an- cient texts in an original way on the basis of the theoretical framework of virtue ethics in order to draw some considerations relevant to the current business context.

Introduction: The paper explores early forms of accounting for sustainable development by considering the Grand Duchy of Tuscany when it was under the rule of Cosimo I, Francesco I, Ferdinando I and Cosimo II de Medici. Aim of the work: The study shows how accounting practices were crucial means used by the Medici rulers to monitor the implementation of far-reaching environmental strategies that sought to balance civil and economic development with the need to protect the environment. Methodological approach: The work draws upon primary sources located at the State Archive of Pisa. Their interpretation has been informed by the literature that has explored the role of the State in promoting sustainable development and the place of accounting in this endeavour. Main findings: Accounting provided the Grand Dukes with crucial information on the Pisan territory, which enabled them to act on environmental matters to provide citizens with healthy and safe living conditions. Written information also allowed interventions that shaped the way in which citizens engaged with the environment so that human activity would not endanger natural resources. Originality: The paper offers a novel perspective on how accounting can support interventions by States which seek to promote sustainable development. It also provides evidence of very early forms of environmental accounting that were mobilised by a State which deeply cared for safeguarding nature.

The article examines a set of issues of geo-ecological safety of the Northern Caspian Sea as the most important ecological zone of the Caspian Sea. This sector is under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, has a common political, socio-economic and environmental problems that determine the unity of vision of the diversity of interrelated components of the environment. The growing activity of the countries of the Caspian region, associated with the development of natural resource and transport and communication potentials, is accompanied by an increase in the violation of the ecological balance. Preservation of the integrity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea is possible through the formation of a single economic space. Modern approaches are outlined on the basis of the use of comparative, structural and functional research methods, as well as the development of political and environmental mechanisms for studying the most important factors and conditions according to the criteria of commonality of homogeneous components of the natural environment and resource base, political and other conditions. The program management of these processes is predicted by the author both on an interstate basis and at the national level. As a result of the analysis, the political mechanism for ensuring the geo-environmental security of the Northern Caspian is considered, which is characterized by a complex of regional features, the main of which is the recognition of the unity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.

The article aims to highlight energy efficiency improvements in Ukraine's household sector through green energy adoption. Utilizing graphical, analytical, and predictive methods, including polynomial regression, the study analyzed data from 2014 to 2022 on generation, consumption of renewable energy sources (RES), and renewable energy tariffs. The research spanned 8 quarters and identified solar power as the favored RES choice among households due to attractive tariffs and easy installation. Projections suggest a biennial doubling of plant numbers and capacity, leading to increased household income from solar energy sales. These findings encourage further exploration of payback periods and economic viability for diverse RES options across Ukrainian regions.

The organic farming industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by increasing consumer demand for healthier and sustainably produced food products. This case study explores the opportunities, challenges, and technological solutions within the organic farming sector. With an annual growth rate of 16.25 percent projected for organic farming, aspiring entrepreneurs are presented with a promising market to venture into. Learning from successful case studies, such as Whole Foods Market (WFM) provides valuable insights into the problems and challenges faced by organic stores, enabling entrepreneurs to make informed decisions and capitalize on this expanding industry. One of the key challenges in organic farming is traceability, as consumers are becoming more conscious about the sourcing and rearing of their food. Blockchain technology offers a potential solution by providing a transparent and immutable system for tracking products from farm to fork. Implementing accurate labeling processes and integrating blockchain across the value chain can enhance transparency, build consumer trust, and mitigate traceability issues. Additionally, automation plays a vital role in streamlining organic farming processes. By reducing human intervention and minimizing errors, automation enhances efficiency, productivity, and overall operational effectiveness. By embracing these technological solutions, entrepreneurs can meet consumer demands for organic products while promoting transparency, traceability, and health-conscious practices in the organic farming and retail sector.

This scientific article presents a comprehensive study of the role of diasporas in the modern world, with a focus on connections with the topic of population migration. In a world where globalization and modern technology play a key role, diasporas are becoming important actors in the development of economic, human, social and cultural capital, both in countries of origin and in countries of residence. The article highlights that diasporas have a significant impact on the economy, education and cultural exchange, and this is confirmed by World Bank data on remittances, which exceed foreign direct investment and foreign aid. Kazakhstan serves as an example of a country that actively interacts with the Kazakh diaspora abroad and brings back ethnic Kazakhs (Kandas) in order to increase their contribution to the development of the country. However, the article also highlights that the potential of diasporas is underutilized. To address this problem, the study proposes a number of recommendations and policy approaches. The purpose of the study is to examine policies that influence interaction with diasporas and the integration of gender equality aspects into this process. The research methodology includes an analysis of literature, strategic and regulatory documents, as well as data available on the websites of authorized government bodies and public organizations. The results of the analysis formulate problems and provide recommendations for developing strategies for more effective interaction with diasporas, including aspects of gender equality. The article concludes that while more research is needed, there are several key areas of concern, including the lack of clear diaspora policies and programs to transfer knowledge and skills. Overall, the article proposes a strategic plan for increasing the contribution of diasporas to socio-economic development and integrating gender equality dimensions into these interactions.