RISULTATI RICERCA

Club Itaca è un servizio offerto da Progetto Itaca Onlus, basato sul modello di Clubhouse International, di riabilitazione psicosociale psichiatrica per persone affette da disturbi di salute mentale Progetto Itaca e Atstrat hanno sviluppato “Storie di Rinascita”, una metodologia di intervento volta ad aiutare le persone affette da disturbi della Salute Mentale ad acquisire consapevolezza e ad accettare la propria condizione, progredendo nel percorso di recovery attraverso la scrittura espressiva strutturata in tre atti: “come ero” (passato); “come sono” (presente); “cosa mi ha aiutato a cambiare” (fattori di rinascita). Scopo. L’obiettivo del presente studio è quello di indagare l’espressione emotiva delle narrative di Storie di Rinascita e di individuare gli elementi di rinascita riferiti dalle persone affette da disturbi della Salute Mentale. Metodi. 62 narrative sono state analizzate utilizzando la Sentiment Analysis e la Topic Analysis. Risultati. L’analisi del sentiment evidenzia una media dell’intensità delle parole polarizzate negativamente più elevata nel passato (µ = 1.71 ± 1.28) rispetto al presente (µ = 1.56 ± 0.93); si nota invece un aumento dell’intensità globale positiva da passato (µ = 1.29 ± 0.71) a presente (µ = 1.34 ± 0.80). Rispetto alle emozioni, le parole relative a rabbia, disgusto, paura e tristezza risultano meno intense nel presente (rispettivamente µ = 1.63 ± 1.06; µ = 1.40 ± 0.49; µ = 1.53 ± 0.94; µ = 1.76 ± 1.25), rispetto al passato (rispettivamente µ = 1.31 ± 0.63; µ = 1.12 ± 0.32; µ = 1.42 ± 0.63; µ = 1.47 ± 0.79). La media dell’intensità di gioia, sorpresa e fiducia è invece simile nelle due tipologie di narrazioni. L’Analisi dei Topic ha permesso di individuare i seguenti tre topic relativi ai fattori di rinascita: 1) il Club Itaca, 2) la Rete Sociale e 3) i Fattori Personali. Discussione e conclusione. L’utilizzo di un linguaggio emotivo meno negativo e più positivo quando si riferiscono al presente rispetto a quando parlano del loro passato permette di ipotizzare un miglioramento nella condizione delle persone affette da disturbi della Salute Mentale e una elaborazione positiva delle esperienze difficoltose sperimentate nel passato. Tali cambiamenti sembrano essere favoriti da Club Itaca, dal supporto della rete sociale e dalle proprie capacità personali. Storie di Rinascita risulta un utile strumento per favorire una rielaborazione della condizione di malattia e far prendere coscienza alle persone dei propri progressi. 

School guidance in general terms and, more specifically, school career guidance are effective means for the positive development of students in the academic and personal-social domains, as well as in their approach toward the labor market. Indeed, guidance programs can boost dimensions that play a relevant role in keeping students’ high motivation within the academic context, thus preventing drop-out, ameliorating their academic achievement and orienting them toward their future career. In light of this, the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different guidance tools in producing more specific increases in participants’ self-efficacy, self-esteem, attitude toward enterprise and in several EntreComp dimensions. The main focus is on the Career ToolVip24, a career guidance tool developed in Norway. The study, which is part of the European Project Erasmus+ KA2 “Tool VIP24”, was conducted across four European countries (i.e., Germany, Italy, Norway and Poland), involving middle and high school students ranging from the 8th to the 13th grade.Results indicate how the students participating in the Career ToolVip24, but not the students in the control group nor students participating in other guidance tools, significantly ameliorated in many of the investigated dimensions (including self-efficacy, self-esteem and attitude toward enterprise) at a postintervention evaluation compared to a pre-intervention evaluation.The implications of the results for students’ attitude toward both the school and the labor market are discussed, together with the limitations of the study and directions for future research.

Environmental issues currently represent one of the most significant social and scientific challenges. With the exacerbation of the climate crisis, researchers are reconsidering the human-nature connection to gain a better understanding of this relationship and explore solutions to environmental issues. To address these challenges, the One Health approach, through its holistic view, proposes a dynamic model of health and well-being that promotes the integration of human, animal and environmental health. In recent years, this approach has also gained relevance in psychology as it is becoming increasingly urgent to identify strategies and promote behaviour that can protect the natural environment. The present theoretical reflection aims to investigate the psychological mechanisms and processes that support the emergence of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviour. These are the result of a process involving not only the rational side (e.g. beliefs and values), but also the emotional and empathic side towards nature. Several psychological dimensions implicated in the adoption of proenvironmental behaviour have been identified, including empathy, gratitude towards nature and personality traits. Finally, training and educational programmes based on nudging principles that encourage individuals to reflect on their decisions towards the natural environment and the adoption of proenvironmental behaviour and attitudes were considered.

The Italian labor market is recognized as disadvantaged for foreign-born citizens, with negative effects on their psychosocial wellbeing. In other countries, significant differences between career aspirations and expectations or perceived opportunities in native and foreign-born citizens has been welldocumented, mainly due to the presence of perceived socio-economic barriers, while studies on this topic are lacking in Italy. Addressing this research gap, we investigated the relationship between career expectations and aspirations in native and foreign-born citizens and the role of the perceived contextual barriers within an Italian sample. 291 inhabitants of Pioltello, a multicultural municipality in the metropolitan area of Milan, were involved in our quantitative study. Results suggest that, in line with the latest research trends, the Italian context differences already emerge in the aspirational phase, as foreign-born citizens are more aligned than natives with the labor market demands. Differently, natives operate a stronger realignment in the transition from career aspirations to expectations. Moreover, foreign-born citizens also perceive a stronger influence of socio-economic barriers on their career opportunities. Policy implications of this findings in psycho-social and educational fields, aimed at promoting individual and social wellbeing, are finally discussed.

Il Gruppo di Parola per figli di genitori separati è un intervento breve di gruppo, preventivo e di supporto pensato per promuovere le risorse e il benessere dei singoli partecipanti sia in termini individuali, sia a livello relazionale e familiare. In letteratura scarsi sono gli studi volti ad analizzare questo intervento dal punto di vista del processo. Il presente contributo si occupa di analizzare una fase specifica del percorso, la fase di accoglienza durante il primo incontro, al fine di identificare alcune trasversalità negli scambi interattivi tali da permettere di configurare veri e propri pattern. Sono stati considerati tre differenti Gruppi di Parola, condotti nel medesimo contesto (Servizio per le famiglie) e dai medesimi conduttori (bi-conduzione femminile).Il contributo illustra dettagliatamente il sistema di codifica costruito attraverso l’ausilio del software Transana e le analisi confermano la presenza di configurazioni interattive trasversali ai tre Gruppi di Parola in esame. In particolare, connota l’intervento uno sguardo che prevede un’alternanza individuo/gruppo (che diventa soggetto della comunicazione con i conduttori).Inoltre, vengono identificati alcuni elementi di ritualità e micro-ritualità che caratterizzano la specifica fase dell’intervento oggetto di analisi.

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R Slovak translation. The self-report sample consisted of 1.062, a retested sample of 122, and an observer rater of 371 persons. In self-assessments, Cronbach's alfa of domains ranged from .88 (Openness) to .92 (Neuroticism). In observer ratings, the reliability ranged from .89 (Extraversion) to .95 (Conscientiousness). The stability of the test-retest showed an average correlation of r = .81 after three months. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors that explained the variance of 60.45%. The agreement between the observers and the self-assessments was at a mean level of .58. The Slovak translation of NEO-PI-R follows the psychometric standards for reliability and construct validity. The study did not follow the educational level and mental health of the research participants.

Il problema in esame. Il presente contributo prende a riferimento gli studi condotti dal Laboratorio Incontri Generazionali prima e dall’Associazione A.R.I.P.T.Fo.R.P. più recentemente nelle prospettive della psicologia sociale e dell’invecchiamento per affrontare il problema della pandemia come generatasi nell’asse del tempo. Si analizzano le rappresentazioni sociali e le pratiche degli anziani in merito ad una società in divenire – tra passato, presente e futuro – leggendo i risultati alla luce delle teorie di riferimento (Mead, 1934; Moscovici, 1961/1976; Markus, 1977) e in un’ottica intergenerazionale.Partecipanti. In questa prima fase dell’indagine sono state raccolte 56 interviste semi-strutturate rivolte ai residenti in alcuni contesti del Nord Italia (38 nelle città di Milano, Bergamo, Brescia e Lecco) e del Centro (18 nelle città di Arezzo, Viterbo, Roma).Obiettivo. Obiettivo della ricerca esplorativa è ricostruire i vissuti, le emozioni, gli atteggiamenti – in sintesi le rappresentazioni sociali – (Moscovici, 1961/1976, 1984, 1988, 2000, 2001) e le pratiche degli over 65 prima, durante e dopo la pandemia in diversi contesti territoriali italiani.Metodo. L’intervista è lo strumento che è stato selezionato con lo scopo di ricostruire le rappresentazioni e le pratiche sociali dei partecipanti. La traccia dell’intervista semi-strutturata è stata costruita ad hoc per la ricerca ed è suddivisa in tre sezioni che riguardano le rappresentazioni sociali e le pratiche degli anziani prima, durante e dopo il Coronavirus. Le analisi sono state condotte mediante il software IRAMUTEQ per l’Analisi Gerarchica Discendente (Camargo e Justo, 2013).Principali risultati. Nonostante le numerose difficoltà derivanti dalla pandemia, i risultati della ricerca mettono in luce la presenza di rappresentazioni sociali positive che includono l’esempio dei genitori e nonni degli intervistati, responsabili e forti nell’affrontare le difficoltà e le fatiche che hanno caratterizzato la ricostruzione dopo la seconda guerra mondiale.Il ricordo degli anziani resilienti (Sé passato della società – Mead, 1934; Markus, 1977 –) arricchisce il bagaglio cognitivo ed emozionale di quei giovani lungimiranti (Sé presente) che accetteranno la sfida di “vivere in cordata”! È questa la metafora che, alla luce della Teoria delle rappresentazioni sociali, contribuisce ad ancorare e oggettivare il “patto tra le generazioni” – derivante dalla saggezza dei nonni – idoneo alla costruzione di un Sé futuro della società ricco e consolidato.Conclusioni e prospettive future. Studiare come gli anziani rappresentino cognitivamente e come affrontino emotivamente il particolare momento storico è stato rilevante in una prospettiva psico-sociale intergenerazionale. Il punto di forza della ricerca è proprio tale punto di vista. L’interesse per i risultati ottenuti suggerisce di ampliare la raccolta dei dati, migliorando inoltre la metodologia della ricerca per favorire la rappresentatività.Applicazioni. La ricerca potrebbe cogliere l’attenzione anche di un pubblico più ampio oltre a quello accademico, incentivando l’apertura di spazi di riflessione sull’importanza delle connessioni sociali intergenerazionali. La proposta che deriva direttamente dai risultati di ricerca è quella dell’attivazione di laboratori sociali intergenerazionali (sul modello di quello già presente a Viterbo) nei quali le diverse generazioni si possano confrontare, strutturando un dialogo in favore del patto tra le generazioni.

Il trauma è una “ferita dell’anima”, un’esperienza destabilizzante rispetto alla consuetudine, che disorganizza la mente di chi lo vive. I ricordi non trattati di un trauma sono spesso frammentati, disorganizzati e possono essere facilmente attivati sotto forma di pensieri intrusivi per cui i soggetti traumatizzati sperimentano varie forme di disagio psicologico. L’intervento di scrittura espressiva si è dimostrato essere un valido strumento come supporto nelle situazioni di stress evidenziando un generalizzato effetto positivo sulla salute. La scrittura espressiva, traducendo i pensieri e le emozioni traumatiche in linguaggio, aiuta i soggetti traumatizzati a dare un senso agli eventi sconvolgenti, a gestire le emozioni negative e migliora le loro connessioni con il mondo sociale. Questa ricerca si è posta l’obiettivo di verificare l’effetto di un protocollo di scrittura espressiva in un contesto non clinico, rappresentato da un campione di giovani adulti studenti universitari ed in particolare, ha inteso studiare gli effetti della scrittura espressiva nel mitigare eventuali problematiche psicologiche legate a eventi stressanti e/o traumatici.I risultati hanno confermato una discreta efficacia del protocollo di scrittura espressiva soprattutto nel sostenere un potenziamento delle risorse di coping personali e di adattamento rispetto agli esiti degli eventi stressanti vissuti.

Research about the predictors of resilience in the inmate population needs further explorations. This study examines the predictors of resilience in male inmates from Padua prison, before and after a 9-session neuropsychopedagogical intervention, entitled Envisioning the Future (EF), which took part in remote during Covid-19 pandemic. Using two linear regression models, a change in the factors determining inmates' resilience was found from before to after the intervention. In the pre-course group (n = 24), only low avoidance emerged as a statistically significant predictor of the level of resilience. In the post-course group (n = 24) low avoidance, flexibility, high levels of social support, and self-efficacy in managing positive emotions emerged as significant predictors of inmates’ resilience. The results show that the constellation of factors predicting resilience in prisoners can be enriched by participating to neuropsychopedagogical interventions like EF, that increases individuals’ resources in a challenging context such as prison.

Food systems and diets are constantly evolving, and the contributing factors are complex and have remained controversial among researchers. While studies have considered and compared utilization of wheat flour and High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) in confectioneries, no study has assessed willingness to purchase confectionery made from cassava flour in relation to the global supply disruption emanating from the Russia-Ukraine war, leading to high demand and pressure on wheat flour. This study examined consumers’ perception of cassava flour confectionery and estimated contributing factors. A cross-sectional survey and multi-stage random sampling technique were employed to select 120 respondents from Abia State, Nigeria, while the Researchers analyzed the data with descriptive and regression statistics. Findings show that taste, awareness, odour, and availability of confectionery with cassava flour inclusion shaped consumers’ perceptions. The majority of the samples from our study believe that the taste and odour (aroma) of the product must be tweaked to suit global best practices, as well as the need to make the product readily available at strategic location and at the right price to reflect the prevailing income and economic realities in Nigeria. Therefore, these factors can be improved and used to build a positioning and brand strategy.

This paper investigates and analyses social farming in the Aosta Valley, a tiny Italian mountain region in the Alps. It aims to highlight the features of social farming in this region, focusing on the social mission and economic sustainability.The paper first presents the literature on social farming, focusing on marginal and remote areas, and illustrating the main characteristics of Italian social farms. Secondly, it focuses on the findings coming from a qualitative investigation of three case studies of Valdostan social farms based on data collected from semi-structured direct interviews. The analyses reveal that social farming in the Aosta Valley fulfils a crucial social mission in areas with poor accessibility to social services.It is economically sustainable, basing its business model on the environmental and agricultural resources typical of high mountain regions.

For a value-chain to be sustainable, the main challenge is sometimes its durability. When stakeholders are lost in the shifting maze of economic, social and environmental issues, participatory foresight methods help them consider the options and choose a strategy to follow. The aim is to create several scenarios of evolution of the value-chain and select desirable scenarios. Because of the global context in 2020 and 2021, implementing methodological and organizational adaptations in the classic "scenario method" from Michel Godet was necessary. These adaptations are exemplified by the case study of the prospective for the French pork value-chain in the next 5 years. Indeed, this value-chain touches particularly on certain contemporary concerns, with much discussion about its environmental footprint, its human resource challenge and its social acceptability, as is the case for most food value-chains in developed countries.

Being within a geographical area, EU-27, which imports a large proportion of the fish products consumed annually from abroad, Italy finds itself in a particularly critical situation; domestic production from fishing and aquaculture on the whole accounts for only 20% of consumption and even less in the case of crustaceans and cephalopods. Despite its strong dependence on foreign countries, per capita consumption is quite high, at 31 kg/y in recent times; furthermore, among the imports from abroad there is a large number of species (or their families) mostly obtained through fishing. A wiser exploitation of national fishing resources, a greater development of domestic aquaculture and consumption patterns relying less on wild fish and shellfish are desirable.

As more attention is paid to the integral management and the problems of cattle production systems in the achievement of sustainable productivity and competitiveness in the territories of the Colombian Amazon region, it is necessary to determine the socioeconomic factors that affect the use of the potential and comparative advantages of productive units located in the region for nutritional supplementation from local inputs, such as Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP). For this purpose, a descriptive-cross-sectional scope with non-experimental design and quantitative approach study was carried out, applying the collection instrument to the sample size defined in a nonprobabilistic way in the municipalities of Albania San Vicente del Caguán, El Doncello, Puerto Rico, and Cartagena del Chaira of the department of Caquetá Colombia. Information was systematized using the R software, where the principal component analysis of the socioeconomic factors with the use of cattle nutrition in the NTFP was carried out. It was found that the factors that have the greatest impact on the use of NTFP are related to the degree of knowledge about NTFP and the strategies for the transfer of scientific knowledge as a complement to the knowledge of the producers.

Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the trends and the main components of public support in agriculture in Italy over the last twenty years (2000-2019). For this analysis, the rich information contained in the CREA database "Agricultural expenditure of the Regions" was used, the most updated and constant source of information on public spending in agriculture, with regional details that distinguish it from other official statistical sources (Sotte, 1993; Sotte, 2000).Overall public support for the agri-food sector in the period under consideration decreased by about EUR 4 billion (from EUR 15.613 billion in 2000 to just below EUR 12 billion in 2019). The share of support in agricultural added value has also decreased: from 55% in 2000 to about 34% in 2019. Looking at the individual categories of support (EU CAP 1st and 2nd pillar funds, tax and social security reliefs, state transfers and regional funds) taken into consideration in the analysis, it is clear that this decrease is due to the halving of tax and social security reliefs (from 27 % to 17%), and the significant reduction in the support provided by the budgets of the Regions and Autonomous Provinces (from over 4 billion euros in 2000 to 1.7 billion euros in 2019). To this adds the reduction in governmental transfers (from 4.3% to 3.9%). As a result, EU support was consequently stable in the first decade and increased in the last ten years (from 43% in 2000 to 64% in 2019). 

The definition "Dual Diagnosis" leads to the dangerous pitfall of understanding two distinct pathological elements and suggests to addiction and psychiatry specialists a non-interconnected approach.Therefore, we prefer to use the term comorbidity DUS and psychiatric disorder.This condition is increasingly common in clinical settings, especially within the prison setting.In this environment, clinical pictures are more complex because of the difficulties inherent in the inmate’s life, the complications related to the proper use of psychotropic drugs, and the different instances that gravitate around the diagnostic and certification processes.A diagnostic pathway that determines the temporality of the two disorders, clarifying the mutual influences, is essential; the use of objective diagnostic tools such as toxicological examinations and psychic tests is useful.Treatment must involve bringing to bear the knowledge and opportunities available to the field of Addiction and Psychiatry, with the cultural and operational rigidities of the two fields being overcome.In the treatment processes on comorbid inmates, a continuous relationship with external specialist services is necessary to create the conditions for the continuum of care.

This article presents a framework for reading and treating "sensitive to attachement theory" of addiction disorders, proposed in the clinics of the SerD of Bergamo. This approach arises from the integration between the constructivist intersubjective therapy model and other psysotherapeutic techniques (EMDR and mindfulness).Traumatized patients often found the apparent resolution of their problems in addictive substances or behaviors (coping strategy). the maturation of the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex can be affected by early trauma and toxic stress. EMDR and mindfulness can be used to promote the integration of traumatic experiences. The goal to be achieved is to free people from the repetition of rigid models and dysfunctional behaviors so that they can regain their freedom.