RISULTATI RICERCA

Greenhouse gas emissions are a global concern, and many countries around the world are looking for alternative traditional sources of hydrocarbon energy with economic and environ- mental benefits, including considering the effects of rising oil prices and their subsequent shocks, increasing energy security, and reducing consumption of fossil fuels. The effective role of renewable energy in sustainable development, reducing greenhouse gases and increasing energy security on the one hand, and the necessity of assigning major financial resources to renewable energy projects on the other hand, double the importance of financial improve- ment in the development of renewable energy sources. Due to the importance of this issue, using a panel data model, the present study examines the impact of financial development in the stock market, credit market and total financial markets on the development of renewable energy technology in two groups of selected developed and developing countries during the years 2000-2018. According to the results, financial development has a significant positive impact on the development of renewable energy technology. Due to the nature of this type of energy, it can have multiple environmental benefits as well. Furthermore, in this regard, in the selected developed countries, the improved financial market (credit and stock markets) has a positive effect on the development of the annual installed capacity of renewable energy. How- ever, in the selected developing countries, development in financial market has a positive effect on the deployment of renewable energy as well. Based on the coefficients in two re- gression models, credit market improvement has a greater effect on the development of the installed capacity of renewable energy technologies in developing countries rather than in developed countries. Also, the overall financial index indicates that financial development has a greater effect on deployment of renewable energies in developed countries rather than in developing countries. JEL classification: G2, Q43, C23

This study aims to figure out what factors influence environmental degradation as measured by the ecological footprint in Algeria. It examines the impact of financial development (access to credit), human capital (education), and economic growth on Algeria’s environmental deg- radation in the short and long term. For this purpose, the current study examines short- and long-term consequences using a 37 years time series of secondary data and applies the "autoregressive distributed lag" time-series model. Our findings show that economic growth has a considerable positive impact on the ecological footprint in both the long and short term. Both access to credit and education have a negative effect on environmental degradation. This sug- gests that access to credit and education are both negative short- and long-term derivatives of the ecological footprint in Algeria, whereas economic growth is a positive short- and long- term indicator. Furthermore, bidirectional causality is discovered between access to credit and ecological footprint, while the granger causality method discloses unidirectional causality from economic growth to the ecological footprint. Education also Granger-causes ecological footprint without any feedback. The current research has significant consequences since it will assist Algerian policymakers in controlling environmental deterioration through improved regulations. The findings inspire Algerian authorities to encourage the human resource to adopt green development through proper education programmes. Additionally, investors should be encouraged to finance environmentally friendly, sustainable projects. Furthermore, in Algeria, the government should reduce pollution from production by implementing green technologies. And participate in an international development track that is focused on longterm sustainability.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of export quality and fertility rate on ecological footprint in a panel of developing countries. For this purpose, panel quantile regression in the period 1990-2014 has been used. Also in this study, the variables of trade openness, urbanization, and GDP per capita were considered as observer variables. Experi- mental results show that the quality of exports and Fertility rate at all levels of the quantile improve the quality of the environment. Open trade and urbanization help to improve the quality of the environment. GDP per capita further degrades the environment. Therefore, policymakers should take into account these factors affecting the ecological footprint and adopt appropriate policies.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), entrepreneurship, and crude oil are important contrib- utors to the economic growth of several countries. Crude oil revenue facilitated the develop- ment of other economic sectors including SMEs in many countries and became a blessing for economic stability. However, in some countries or regions, it attracted most of the labour, capital, and government support at the cost of other economic sectors and became a curse. This study investigates the relationship between crude oil prices and small business entrepre- neurship activities in the province of Alberta. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) models, along with some other statistical tools, are used to analyze the data for the period 1988-2018. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between crude oil prices and the number of small busi- nesses in Alberta and Canada, which is consistent with the natural resources blessing hypoth- esis. However, some labour-intensive and low-wage small business sectors were found to be negatively associated with crude oil prices. Moreover, the population growth and market in- terest rate hampered small business entrepreneurial activities, while GDP growth promoted them. Some implications are provided at the end of the study to diversify the economy of Alberta through promoting small business entrepreneurial activities.

Every power producer is facing the risk of an adverse price movement of commodities used for the power production and power itself in the meantime between cash flow planning and the actual power production. This study analyzes process of hedging the commodity market risk with usage of derivatives with financial settlement as an alternative to physical ones. For this purpose a hypothetical power producer operating a gas power unit was selected. Based on the real Czech power market data of 2019 this paper simulates expected cash flow, assesses potential risk for the producer and compares real cash flow of an unhedged position with a position hedged via futures contracts and spread options with financial settlement. For the risk evaluation Monte Carlo simulation and value at risk methods are used. As the most effective way to hedge the market risk of 2019 proved itself the futures hedge with monthly hedging tenor with an alternative in a short call option position. Practical implications: The study is written in a practical approach to the market risk man- agement process so that could be applicable in any company active in the power market facing the risk of commodity price movements regardless the input commodity used for the electric- ity production. Using the data of the Czech power market of 2019 the paper presents the case of a real power market participant.

This paper aims to analyse the first collective responses, at European level, to the energy (and very acutely for gas) crisis that began in the second half of 2021, but particularly accentuated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Since the beginning of the conflict, discussions have been held to identify policy levers to reduce Russian gas imports, while ensuring a satisfactory level of security of supply. This type of exercise implies considering different horizons, the first of which is the winter of 2022-2023, with the concern of managing to fill gas stocks sufficiently early. Beyond this emergency, which stems from crisis management, the perspective is also to establish a horizon at which the countries of European Union could do without Russian gas altogether. These two horizons are addressed by two European Commission initiatives: ‘Save gas for a safe winter’ for the shorter term (i.e. winter 2023), and ‘REPowerEU’ beyond, plans whose main mechanisms will be presented here, after reminding the regulatory framework for its security of gas supply at the EU level developed in response to the tensions already ob- served over the last two decades.

Law is not the only driver of social regulation. Informal rules, emerging spontaneously, also help to shape collective behaviours. Based on a different genesis, such two forms of regulation are not unrelated; In fact, the effectiveness of legal rules is often affected by the simultaneous presence of social or cultural norms of the opposite sign. The paper aims to offer insights into the topic, drawing inspiration from a new empirical and computational legal research approach. After a brief introduction to such a perspective, we will focus on the contents of a recent re-search experience that exploits computational methods to explore in empirical terms the conflict between formal and informal norms. The analysis combines natural subject experiments and agent-based simulation to shed light on individual decision-making and social interaction processes that could promote informal norms in the railway maintenance context, focusing, in particular, on the role played by time pressure and misinformation. In the last part, we discuss the results, by sketching a few considerations on theoretical and methodological issues that emerged from the research.

This paper addresses some of the growing interactions among different fields of scientific knowledge, especially focusing on the complex links between neuroscience and law under the lens of criminal responsibility. It ponders on some crucial issues: how to deal with the chance to blend in disparate forms of knowledge? In light of which methods and arguments a choice among divergent disciplinary contributions is legitimate? This work suggests a dialectical approach to rationally frame these epistemological connections, to foster the critical meeting of diverse perspectives, and thus favour the emergence of valuable common spaces: the Socratic method. Thereby, a functional balance among different scientific dimensions is possibly reachable, overcoming the "epistemological wall" between social and natural sciences. Thus, even in the legal sphere, one should not a priori discard neurosciences’ relevance and results, albeit this might require a hint of "neuromodesty" and critical thinking.

Lo psicologo di Oncoematologia Pediatrica rappresenta una figura chiave nel complesso delle cure mediche che vengono portate avanti nelle Unità Operative Complesse. Il presente lavoro, dopo una breve descrizione della specificità dell’intervento psicologico rivolto alla soggettività e all’esperienza vissuta dei pazienti e dei familiari, discute della cura del contenito-re sanitario messo loro a disposizione. L’attenzione al contenitore e il rispetto dello stesso so-no fondamentali per la corretta fondazione e la tenuta dell’ambulatorio stesso e quindi per la gestione delle situazioni cliniche e la cura del "tempo sospeso" ospedaliero, temporalità propria dei pazienti e delle famiglie, che rappresenta un maker psicopatologico della condizione di fragilità dovuto alla malattia oncoematologica.

Con la presente esperienza preliminare si è cercato di verificare se l’introduzione dello screening della salute mentale all’interno dell’attività di routine del reparto di Ostetricia Ostetricia degli Spedali Civili di Brescia si riveli efficace ad intercettare il disagio psicologico delle donne ricoverate con patologia ostetrica e prevenire esiti psicopatologici, al fine di garantire supporto adeguato a tutte le donne che ne manifestino il bisogno. Sono state intercettate, nell’arco di 6 mesi nel 2019, 91 donne, 87 delle quali hanno aderito allo screening. È stata messa a punto la seguente Procedura Operativa: individuazione delle pazienti con gravidanza patologica che rispondano ai criteri di inclusione del campione; presentazione del Servizio di Psicologia dell’Area Ostetrica e consegna della brochure informativa con i riferimenti e i con-tatti della Psicologa Strutturata; compilazione del consenso informato; compilazione della scheda anamnestica; primo livello di screening della salute mentale attraverso il Questionario auto-somministrato General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12. Nel caso di esito positivo per il secondo livello di assessment è stato proposto un colloquio clinico di approfondimento, la somministrazione dei test Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) e General Anxiety Disor-der-7 (GAD-7) e la Scheda dei Fattori di Rischio (PDPI modificato). Nel caso di esito negati-vo è stata comunque garantita la possibilità di un colloquio clinico su richiesta, infine viene presentato un caso clinico emblematico dell’opportunità offerta dallo screening della salute psi-cologica perinatale ospedaliero di intercettare precocemente il disagio della donna e di favorire l’accesso alle cure psicologiche.

The article describes results of a study on the factor structure of a further Italian adaptation of the Perceived Stigma Scale in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PSS-IBD). The scale consists of 10 items measuring general perceived stigmatization that can be declined in 5 domains of life. The translated scale was administered to a sample of 162 patients who were affected by ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. Explorative and confirmatory bi-factor analysis revealed that the scale adequately measured one single dimension of stigma along with 5 domain-specific scores. Perceived stigma was generally low, albeit about 20% of the sample reported moderate to strong levels stigma, especially in the domain of friendship and workplace. Levels of general stigma were influenced neither by type of disease nor by gender, although women reported higher stigmatization in the household context than men. Moreover, stigma was negatively correlated with resilience and self-esteem, thus supporting the validity of the scale. In sum, the present results seem to confirm the hypothesis that the PSS-IBD Italian version (IV) is a reliable and valid instrument to measure perceived stigma in patients with IBD. By virtue of its reduced length, PSS-IBD also appears to be an instrument that can easily be administered in diverse contexts.