RISULTATI RICERCA

The introduction of innovations acts as a means of ensuring sustainable develop-ment both at the state and regional level, and at the level of individual enterprises. The effectiveness of the last level is due not only to the innovative activity of the company’s management and personnel. According to the authors, in this case, the structure of the economic process of innovative development of industrial enter-prises is significantly influenced by other factors, the role and significance of which require specification, taking into account the industry specifics of economic enti-ties. The article analyzes the economic structure of the innovation process of Rus-sian manufacturing enterprises. The decomposition method determines the indica-tors of market and technological novelty, as well as the scale of diffusion of inno-vative products. A detailed analysis of the innovative activity of Russian industrial enterprises is carried out, depending on the degree of manufacturability of the type of economic activity. For this purpose, the types of economic activities of enter-prises are grouped into separate aggregates that correspond to a certain degree of manufacturability, determined according to the international classification used by the OECD. The manufacturing sector is investigated in the form of industries attributed to one of four meso-groups: high-tech, medium-high-tech, medium-low-tech and low-tech activities. For each of them, its representative is allocated (one of the types of economic activity), the dynamic characteristics of innovation ac-tivity of which differ significantly from the characteristics of the group as a whole. The proposed approach allows us to study the dynamics of development and de-termine the main stages of the innovation process in the types of activities of manufacturing industries of various degrees of manufacturability. It was found that the highest innovative activity is characteristic of high-tech Russian enterpris-es. A decrease in the degree of manufacturability of production has a negative im-pact on the innovative activity of meso-groups in general. The exception is the class of low-tech industries. The innovative activity of the group of enterprises of low-tech industries is much higher than the activity of medium-high-tech indus-tries.

The article addresses political socialization as a theoretical problem caused by the need for developing research and coordinating positions on key issues in this area. At the level of definitions of concepts related to the theory of political socializa-tion, shortcomings and contradictions in this field of scientific knowledge are re-vealed. Political socialization is a spontaneous process. However, this objective social pro-cess has its own content, mechanisms, results, sustainability and its own internal structure, orderliness, i.e. it completely falls under the concept of a system. Any state takes a set of actions that can keep the parameters of the system of po-litical socialization within certain limits, or in other words, carries out directed de-velopment. The article analyzes the directed part of the political socialization of the Kazakh youth. The main tools and mechanisms of political influence on young people, the process of forming political values, and the main agents of influence on the politi-cal consciousness of young students are identified.

One way to make food sector more sustainable is to orient consumers towards di-ets that respect people, the planet, and society. According to recent research stud-ies, consumers have started to evaluate food products based on sustainable claims given on the packaging, but no study has focused on food products obtained through vending machines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse which types of sustainable claims, if any, food products sold at vending machines show on their packaging. A content analysis was performed to this end, focusing on four locations within a town in northeast Italy. The results obtained from the analysis of 171 food products highlighted that, in general, products sold at vending ma-chines heavily lack textual and graphical information on sustainability.

This article discusses issues concerning international legal regulation of coopera-tion of states in resolving the problems related to ensuring the human rights to ad-equate food and food security in general, including in the context of a pandemic that has had a significant impact on the development of the world's economy. The work studies: the development of international legal regulation of partnership in the field of food security, the goals and authority of Food and Agriculture Organi-zation (FAO), the conditions of the food market and the world's economy. The study examines the right of everyone to access safe and healthy food, in accord-ance with the right to for adequate food and the basic right of everyone to be free from hunger. It is noted that the world food security system covers: the creation of national food supplies coordinated on the international level; provision of food aid to countries in need, organization of an early warning system on food shortage; an increase of the share of developing countries in international trade of agriculture products. One of the factors of the establishment of intranational food security is food sup-port to developing states. The article considers various principles like roman princi-ples of sustainable global food security; a comprehensive approach to food securi-ty; strategic coordinative cooperation; the principle of supporting national, region-al and international programs; close interaction with international organizations and principle of maintaining of assumed financial obligations. It is noted that the lack of positive results in a process of resolving issues concern-ing food supply requires improvement of the effectiveness of multilateral man-agement system dealing with ensuring world’s food security, through the unifica-tion and coordination of efforts of states, international organizations, and other interested parties at local and global levels. A similar policy is proposed to be considered in complex with global and regional issues, including negotiations on the creation of a fair international trade regime, which will positively affect the strengthening of national food security potential of developing countries and improve the effectiveness of international food assis-tance programs. Such policy is proposed to be reflected and specified in agriculture doctrines of national and regional levels.

This article discusses the tasks of improving the efficiency of ongoing transfor-mations in the economy of Kazakhstan to ensure the financial stability of com-mercial banks, the reliability of the functioning of financial resources, based on the improvement of strategic management accounting. If you look into the theory and essence of the concept of "sustainability", then this means - transformation. At the present stage of scientific development, "transformation" needs new con-cepts to characterize the socio-economic processes of society, to describe radical structural changes, the transition of society to a qualitatively new level of organi-zation, which is especially characteristic of the transformations that are taking place in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The fall of the former Soviet Union led to the disintegration of the republics and the formation of new republics on the international scene, especially those in Cen-tral Asia. This study aims at showing the advantages of the Caspian Sea in the Central Asian countries and the factors that contribute to its importance of sus-tainability in geographically and strategically plans. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, based on other studies, books, and articles. The results show that the Caspian Sea is targeted by many countries because of its great importance to Central Asian countries due to the number of natural resources and reserves therein, and the availability of natural gas and oil on its territory. On the other hand, the Caspian Region has much Geo-Strategic Importance point includes geopolitical significance because it is located at the in-tersection, which connected the Middle East, Central Asia, Europe, and the Cauca-sus, it is the only waterway for the new republics of Central Asia, also it is an im-portant source that provides food. however, all global small and big power has the objectives of controlling and exporting Caspian energy resources. Additionally, the Caspian Sea Region is useful for the united states plans to contain Iran or Russia and to diversify sources of gas and oil in order to limit the reliance on the Middle East. Although the "Aktau Summit" ended the dialectic of (the sea and the lake) and drew a new pattern of cooperation between the riparian states, it remains in front of two different paths. The first: is to encourage cooperation between the five countries, whether political or economic, and this is in light of the joint concern for the benefits resulting from cooperate. The second is the lack of benefit for this agreement in the basis and principle, and this may happen if the neighbouring countries disagree on the division of oil wealth among them, which is what many observers believe, in addition to the fact that the onslaughts on the extension of energy pipelines to Europe may push countries to Intensity in competition and from there the agreement may turn into a conflict that may cause a "cata-strophic" for the entire region. Hence, it can be said that the "Aktau Peak" may be a movement towards the front or just a move around. Just as the seriousness of the political equilibrium between the countries of the re-gion, its is extremely unfortunate to know that the "Aktau Summit" did not ad-dress the issue of protecting the vital environment of the Caspian Sea and its di-versity, and this serious issue has not received the necessary international attention so far.

The quantitative and qualitative methods in this study are used to analyse coun-tries’ economic transformation under the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings sug-gest that digital transformation is quickly becoming a priority for many sectors in Ukraine. Digital transformation takes place in the public and private sectors. The state has launched the digital portal Diia providing the population with digital ac-cess to public services. Moreover, businesses undertook defensive performance transformations that boost their chances of success. The main challenges of digi-talisation are legal complexity, inadequate funding, the lack of digital literacy and skills among the active population. The development of an effective regulatory framework to facilitate and encourage the IT sector would help overcome these challenges.

The rapid development of information technology, which penetrates all spheres of public life, has contributed to the emergence of new legal relations regarding per-sonal information protection. In the conditions of the information society for-mation, the right to inviolability of person’s private life acquires a special value. The purpose of the study is to analyze the issues of the personal data protection legal regulation in foreign countries and to develop scientifically based proposals for the improvement and systematization of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ensuring personal data confidentiality. The methodological basis of the research constitutes general scientific methods (in particular, philosophical, dialectical, synergetic, inductive, deductive, analysis, synthesis, formalization, analogy, materialistic and empirical methods) in order to ensure the integrity and balance of the research. The legislation of the CIS member states in the field of personal data is not developing as dynamically as in Europe-an countries. The regulatory provisions analysis showed that in the Republic of Kazakhstan a number of aspects stipulated by European legislation are not ap-plied. Nowadays, in the legal regulation of the personal data circulation and pro-tection, various problems need resolving in order to guarantee the right to the citi-zens’ personal data protection. Improving and amending the legislation of the Re-public of Kazakhstan in the field of personal data should place it on the leading states level.

After gaining independence, the issue of regional integration and development of economic cooperation between the countries of Central Asia has been raised several times. The article discusses the dynamics of Kazakhstan’s trade relations with Central Asia and the role of major neighboring countries as one of the areas of economic cooperation. It considers the importance of trade turnover of the Republic of Kazakhstan with neighboring countries in the region, the existing barriers to trade and opportunities for development. An important factor influencing Kazakhstan’s trade relations with regional neighbors is their foreign trade, primarily in Kazakhstan’s trade with countries outside the region. This situation is explained by the fact that all Central Asian countries are provided with a high level of natural resources, especially mineral resources. The main results of the study are that Kazakhstan has identified the dynamics of sustainable trade and the structure of trade with Central Asian countries over the past five years. The article provides indicators that allow to determine the individual importance of the republic’s foreign economic relations with all countries in the region, as well as with each country - Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. It also considers the role of large neighboring countries in trade relations with these countries.