RISULTATI RICERCA

For some years economic literature has been using the concept of resilience to show how a system is able to resist shocks and difficulties and develop productive, social and institutional changes. In this case, not only economic resilience is at stake, but also the adaptability of individuals and the community. Within compa-nies, routines or dynamic capabilities often form which are their real assets: a set of resources, processes and skills (such as, for example, scientific knowledge, tech-nical know-how, organizational skills) on which a company can count to cope with rapid external changes, crisis situations or negative events. In such a context, this work aims to compare the stories of two small personally managed companies - Officine Panerai of Florence and Allemano of Turin - which present strong similari-ties in their typologies of production (precision mechanics, mainly for military use) and in their evolution. Albeit at different historical moments, they have adopted very similar strategies, focusing on diversification and product innovation, in par-ticular in the haute horology market. More generally, their resilience seems to sug-gest how the fabric of small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the keystones of Italy's economic resilience, despite decades of limitations, contradictions and delays, and how this system of flexible and innovative companies is the factor which, ultimately, still makes «the flight of the bumblebee» possible.

Insects as food is a recommended cultural shift by the FAO, especially among Western consumers. The objective of this study is to understand those elements, which can most contribute to explaining the desire to eat insects as food. There-fore, we evaluated people’s knowledge and beliefs about the benefits deriving from the farming and consumption of insects, for the health of man and the plan-et. Furthermore, we investigated people’s perceived credibility towards the main sources of communication that can convey information on insects as food. Final-ly, some suggestions for possible future communication campaigns are presented.

The aim of the present study is to underline and syntetize a possible consumer be-haviour and willingness to pay towards a particular type of genitally modified food linked to specific indications on the label about the implementation of corpo-rate social responsibility initiatives by manufacturing companies. Through a quan-titative model on a sample of hundreds Italian families, it was possible to consider possible consumers’ preferences regarding that consumption through a choice ex-periment and to verify the drivers of that purchase and preference heterogeneity across consumers’ choice, and the willingness to pay, for the products with those features. Indications obtained from the relationships between the variables ana-lyzed also form a topic for future studies and useful for companies’ strategies.

This article deals with participatory culture through the prism of new media, identi-fied as standard with the development of information and communication tech-nologies (ICT) and information technology (IT). These technologies (co-)constitute the foundation of the network society, also referred to as the information society, and influence the economy and - undoubtedly - the cultural sphere. The main re-search problem posed in this article concerns reflections on participation patterns mediated by the new media in the context of psychological well-being and its op-posite the state of ill-being. This task requires a redefinition of the notions of par-ticipatory culture and new media and the adoption of specific determinants of well-being and ill-being, which - unlike in the case of the psychology of happiness - is concretised through sociologically understood categories of redistribution and recognition.

The central aim of this study was to create a vector typology of corporate development models in the context of sustainability. The methodological basis for its achievement was represented by a systematic review of the literature describing the origins of sustainability models and the identification of the most prioritized SDGs in business and society. As the central methodological tools to determine a competitive sustainability model, classification analysis and grounded theory method were used. The research revealed that the stakeholder-centered model is the best solution to perform competitive corporate management in the context of sustainability. Stakeholder-centered model can be expanded by including social and ethical parameters, as well as giving consideration to innovations.

The study proposes the construction of a statistical model of the company’s eco-logical and economic state, using the synthesis of econometrics and multidimen-sional forecasting methods, which provide the correlation of the obtained indica-tors, taking into account mutual proportionality in relation to the dynamic charac-teristics of environmental sustainability factors within the framework of the sus-tainable development paradigm. A combined model is implemented with a step-by-step modification of the matrix predictor into a regression-matrix one. Using the method of least squares, the study shows the codependency of the ecological and economic indicators of the sustainability of the enterprise: the cost of capital repairs of fixed assets for environmental protection; labor payment expenditures, including deductions for social needs of employees involved in environmental pro-tection; operating environmental costs; sales revenue; profitability of production and sales. The obtained regression coefficient showed a high degree of dependence of the closeness of the relationship of the considered environmental and economic indicators of sustainability (more than 98%), which proves their codependency and the need for their balanced use, since the value of at least one of the indica-tors outside the optimal range allows us to state a high probability of financial damage for enterprises. Using a combined model based on a matrix predictor, the study demonstrates the calculation of the predicted values of environmental and economic indicators of sustainability for 2021.The peculiarity of this model is to take into account the lagging (up to 2 years) values of factors and their growth over the previous period (for 1 year). The proposed model contains a mechanism of multivariate expectations, which allows us to consider various options for the future. Also, this model allows the automation of the forecasting process, which is reflected in the implementation of the trend of transition to the digital space in the implementation of sustainable development goals.

The relevance of this issue is due to the fact that the government, public admin-istration bodies, civil society are increasingly emphasizing the need to update strat-egies to ensure the stability, resilience of the nation. The purpose of this article is to highlight the issues of the formation and development of national stability in modern scientific thought in Ukraine. The article reveals that today in Ukraine there is still no generalized, agreed definition of national sustainability; it was found that the main publications on this topic touch upon issues of national stabil-ity and security in public administration, social and humanitarian, national securi-ty, etc. The materials of the article are of practical value for the development and implementation of a strategy for the development of the national resilience of Ukraine in order to prevent and overcome modern complex risks and threats and ensure a fruitful environment for the well-being of descendants.

Modern society shows a very strong need to look for a "dynamic equilibrium be-tween local capital and the demand for well-being". This transition towards sus-tainability requires the beginning of a process that is able to satisfy, in every eco-nomic cycle, the demand for well-being and the replicability of the "four stocks of capital". The paper shows how the implementation of what Pearce and Turner called a "Circular Economic System" can make this possible, and highlights how new strat-egies for the adoption of a "Circular Economic Model" represent the condition for the circularity of development models. Moreover, the paper discusses how, given a radical change of strategy on a global and local level, the implementation of a circular process in rural areas to create in-dividual and collective well-being allows these areas to offer an important contri-bution to the transition.

The Internet is the result of scientific and technological development of society. Innovation in any field is evidence of the well-being of the population. That is why society often uses services via the Internet, which is a sign of sustainable develop-ment and determines the relevance of the article. The purpose of the study is to determine the principles of sustainable development of consumer rights protection in the global network and the legal basis for the operation of commercial activities in Ukraine. General theoretical (analysis, synthesis, concretization, generalization, method of analogy, modeling) and specific research methods (methods of logic, comparison) were used. The results of this study allowed to create a set of methods of safe behavior of the buyer in the world wide web, form in order to realize the bases of functioning of sustainable development of consumer protection. The au-thors suggest possible options for improving the legislation of Ukraine for Internet commerce. The significance of the results is that the article is useful for introducing changes in the Ukrainian legislation on the regulation of the rules of purchase and sale on the Internet.

The article is devoted to theoretical, methodological and practical research of the problem of ensuring the competitiveness and the sustainability of railway transport enterprises in conditions of the deep socio-economic and political crisis in Ukraine. It was established that in modern crisis conditions, in order to ensure a stable competitive position in the passenger and freight transport market, railway transport enterprises should focus on the systematic introduction of innovations, improving management methods, and enhance the quality of business processes. The definition of the concept of "competitiveness of railway transport enterprises" was clarified by summarizing scientific works and studying the competitive ad-vantages of industry enterprises. The main requirements of consumers for the ser-vices of railway transport enterprises are systematized, the consideration of which in the process of transport services will contribute to increasing the competitive ad-vantage of railway enterprises. An algorithmic sequence of benchmarking for rail-way transport enterprises was created in the article. An innovative model for ensur-ing the competitiveness and the sustainability of railway transport enterprises has been developed, which contributes to their adaptation to a dynamic external envi-ronment by organizing the continuity of innovative development aimed at finding and constantly introducing innovations as a basis for the formation of sustainable competitive advantages by railway transport enterprises in a crisis environment. It has been proved that the effectiveness of the implementation of this model de-pends on the balanced functioning of all its elements and taking into account the operational and strategic goals of the innovative development of railway transport enterprises.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the introduction of the Industry 4.0 innova-tions create a unique opportunity for enterprises to increase productivity, opera-tional efficiency and rational use of resources, scale up successful pilot projects and acquire qualitatively new expertise for employees. The current stage of mod-ernisation of production can provide a significant impetus for economic growth and is a priority for governments and business leaders. Therefore, it is important to study project management strategies in the context of digital transformation in order to implement them in the enterprises of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the pa-per is to investigate the features and specifics of project management in modern conditions and search for methods of sustainable development of the state. The leading research method was the analysis, which made it possible to identify global trends in the field of project management for the implementation of innovations, as well as to assess the current state of enterprises in Kazakhstan after the Gov-ernment of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved the State Program "Digital Ka-zakhstan". As a result of the study, the features of project management for creat-ing a platform for the implementation of the Industry 4.0 for sustainable devel-opment of the state were identified. The authors concluded that the knowledge in-tensive business services need a deep understanding of user preferences and needs. Data-driven business models are the entry point for the digital transformation of enterprises.

The banking system is a key link in the economy. As a guarantor of human rights protection, the state must ensure the growth of the well-being of citizens, including by providing affordable and cheap consumer loans to the population. The in-creased level of debt on unsecured consumer loans of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan makes it necessary to reduce the debt burden of the population to credit institutions. The purpose of the study was to compare the legislation and the practice of applying sustainability of banking legislation in the field of lending to individuals in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The article characterises the sustainability of banking legislation of the Republic of Kazakh-stan, describes the main legislative reforms, their implementation and consequenc-es. A comparative analysis of the measures taken in Kazakhstan to protect the rights of a borrower with the system of the Russian Federation as the most approx-imate in terms of economic and social indicators. The main problems of the activi-ty of credit institutions on the territory of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation were revealed and possible ways of their solution were found. It was concluded that nowadays the main problem of consumer lending is unfair lending by finan-cial organisations. It is necessary to adopt a separate law on consumer lending, which will ensure the protection of the interests of borrowers.

Globalisation and liberalisation of trade and business around the world have made many goods and services available to consumers anywhere in the world. Econom-ic growth has been described by an increase in the purchasing power of the middle class, which is the largest consumer segment of the population. This required an emphasis on consumer protection and the promotion of responsible consumer movement around the world. The purpose of the research is to analyse the prob-lems of the legal mechanism for protecting consumer rights based on the norms of sustainable development, identify and disclose modern problems related to the le-gal status of this area. The main method of the research was comparative analysis which allowed to compare the regional mechanisms for protecting consumer rights, considering the economic and political factors inherent in each of the countries. The conducted study allowed to reveal legal approaches to the study of consumer protection, to analyse the relevant current legislative framework. It is substantiated that the issues of consumer protection are given due attention in many countries. It was concluded that during the development of the latest corrective legislative acts governing consumer protection mechanisms in the countries of the European Union, the Republic of Kazakhstan and India, the positive aspects of world experience, the content of these legal documents were considered. The content of the said legal documents was based on the UN principles of consumer protection, which indicates a significant contribution of the above countries to the perfor-mance of the obligations to guarantee the consumers their fundamental rights.

The article is devoted to the research of scientific issues related to acceleration of innovative development of spatial economy, the provision of the theoretical basis for the formation of zones of innovation growth of individual territories (regions). The degree of influence of innovations on the nature of the territorial organization of economic activity determines the level of well-being in society. The purpose of the study was to identify the features and contradictions of the current state of the system of territorial organization of innovation activity. The issue of diffusion of innovation has been studied in terms of representing and positioning a separate territory (region) as a subject of economic relations, a multifunctional and multi-faceted economic system, but not as a place of concentration of means of pro-duction and labor. The further development, the symbiosis of the regionalism the-ory, in particular the spatial organization of production, along with the theory and practice of innovative entrepreneurship, is the substantiation of creation and de-velopment of the territorial poles of innovation growth. It is proved that the effi-cient innovation policy in a certain economic space of activity should be based on the functional properties of the forms of spatial organization of production on the one hand, and the placement of productive forces, on the other hand. The idea of the nature and character of the existing forms of modern territorial organization of innovation activity embedded in a kind of network design, which is the projection of production networks in a certain territory, or so-called "place-connected net-works", is explored and developed.

The institution of the Ombudsman in national human rights protection systems plays a significant role in the implementation of the rule of law. The rule of law is a fundamental legal principle of sustainable development. All citizens have equal rights that guarantee the well-being of society. Disclosure of the essence of the in-stitution of the Ombudsman, determination of its legal nature is impossible without its functional characteristics, which is also important for the practice of state and legal development, increasing the efficiency of the implementation of state func-tions. The purpose of this study is to analyse the experience of foreign countries regarding the organisation of the Ombudsman’s control and oversight function and formulate proposals aimed at improving the institution of the Ombudsman in Kazakhstan on this basis. The study uses theoretical, general scientific, and special research methods. First of all, the composition of law enforcement agencies was determined, including its structural features in Kazakhstan, and their functional purpose. The regulated control and supervisory powers are outlined to suppress il-legal actions of law enforcement agencies. The typologisation of the system for the implementation of the control and supervisory function in the activities of law enforcement agencies was carried out according to its subject composition. The structural and functional features of all the noted forms and levels of implementa-tion of the control and oversight function are considered, with the allocation of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Kazakhstan as the leading subject. The analy-sis of the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the activities of the Ombudsman of Kazakhstan in the process of implementing the control and supervisory function in the activities of law enforcement agencies. The national preventive mechanism as one of the forms of public control of the institutions of the law enforcement system of Kazakhstan is investigated, the effectiveness of its implementation is assessed.

In modern marketing theory, marketing communications have adopted a more extended interpretation called customisation. This is the subject of further consid-eration of integrated marketing communications as a systematic approach to do-ing business, which allows making the most of all available business tools today. The purpose of the research was to solve the problems of integrated marketing communications related to the organisation of planning and management, ensur-ing the priority of consumer opinion, creation of individualised goods and services. Customisation is based on completing consumer goods with individual elements, component modules or additional exclusive accessories ordered by customers, whose demands are growing and changing. Customisation is understood not only as ensuring that a product or service meets the needs of a specific consumer, but also as designing them together with a future buyer. The article presents a custom-ised model of integrated marketing communications, which can be used by entre-preneurial structures of the restaurant business in the process of forming a com-plex of marketing communications to ensure the savings of their financial and or-ganisational resources, which lead the economic well-being of the enterprise. Based on the analysis, a formula for a customised model of integrated marketing com-munications was derived, which is based on the dynamics of the stages of the formation of IMC. It was concluded that the authors’ model of integrated market-ing communications can be used to ensure the financial savings and economic well-being of enterprise.