RISULTATI RICERCA

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Maria Grazia Minetti

Abitare il tempo tra continuità e cambiamento

PSICOTERAPIA PSICOANALITICA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

L’autrice si interroga sulla tendenza di alcuni pazienti a fermare il tempo in attesa che il passato cambi, e a vivere ogni cambiamento come una catastrofe, per lo scatenamento di angosce di frammentazione e di perdita della propria continuità di esistenza. Questa continuità è illusoriamente mantenuta fermando il passato in attesa che cambi. La difficoltà ad abitare la propria vita e proiettarsi nel futuro è collegata a una impasse nel processo di soggettivazione che nasce dal conflitto tra l’essere conforme ai desideri inconsci dei genitori e al desiderio di esprimere un proprio progetto, seguendo i propri ideali dell’Io. Il conflitto viene negato e non affrontato per la paura del proprio odio e la fantasia conseguente di far morire i genitori. Si tratta del conflitto identificatorio di cui parla Piera Aulagnier, fra l’essere identificato e potersi identificare, che se non risolto dalla mediazione dell’Io, fra continuità e cambiamento, inchioda il soggetto a una identificazione alienante. Continuità coi valori e gli ideali del gruppo familiare e possibilità di uscire dal verdetto genitoriale e proiettare i propri ideali fuori dalla famiglia. Abitare quindi una genealogia, far parte di una catena generazionale, che in questi casi è bloccata, come se si dovesse restare figli per sempre, cloni dei propri genitori. L’analisi dovrà attivare una disidentificazione rispetto all’identificazione alienante che vive il soggetto, attraverso la funzione di rispecchiamento e di holding, coadiuvata dal setting, con la regolarità delle sedute, e con la sua funzione di terzo, che immette uno spazio fra simmetria e asimmetria, continuità e discontinuità. In particolare, l’analista dovrà tollerare momenti di impantanamento e, in alcuni casi, delle vere reazioni terapeutiche negative, soprattutto per la difficoltà a elaborare il lutto per ciò che non c’è stato e avrebbe potuto accadere ma non può avvenire. In queste situazioni, a volte, sembra presente un dissidio insanabile più che un conflitto, del tipo mors tua vita mea, che blocca l’attività di pensiero e ogni lavoro psichico. L’analista dovrà lavorare molto sul proprio controtransfert, reinterrogando il suo desiderio rispetto al paziente e alla propria identità di analista. Navigando tra i diversi registri dell’analisi, potrà incontrare il blocco del proprio pensiero, il sentimento di impotenza a cui potrebbe reagire con intolleranza verso il paziente e con un eccesso di furor curandi. Si tratta in fondo di riuscire a mantenere integra la propria capacità analizzante, quel restare vivo di winnicottiana memoria.

Adriana Gagliardi

Percepire il cambiamento, percepire la continuità: note sull’autoanalisi

PSICOTERAPIA PSICOANALITICA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

L’autrice affronta il problema della soggettività dell’analista, in par-ticolare della sua autoanalisi, che è fondamentale per la comprensione della differenza tra i derivati dell’Inconscio (rimosso e non rimosso) del paziente e dell’analista. Negli ultimi 20 anni il funzionamento della mente dell’analista è stato osservato più sistematicamente. L’autoanalisi si pone oltre la dimensione transferale e controtransfera-le, se pur la include, per ogni paziente. Spesso le reazioni controtransferali sono vissute con particolare intensità: segnale che suscitano una risposta nell’analista che origina da un suo particolare vissuto, che va approfondito attraverso l’autoanalisi per capirne il significato. Il problema della soggettività dell’analista pone un interrogativo sul-la psicoanalisi come scienza; il metodo psicoanalitico, trasversale alle molteplici teorie, è l’elemento che permette di rilevare i dati clinici e permette un confronto all’interno della comunità scientifica di apparte-nenza, pur con le differenze teorico-tecniche attraverso il quale viene usato. Il lavoro dell’autoanalisi prevede una conoscenza dell’evoluzione tecnico-teorica della psicoanalisi, procede attraverso un metodo indut-tivo. Le teorie implicite ed esplicite dell’analista si integrano con la sua capacità di comprensione e di ascolto di quello che emerge dal proces-so psicoanalitico e mutano nel tempo. Si guarda ai transfert e alla ripe-tizione come una possibilità di aprire a nuove esperienze trasformative e vitali. In merito all’autoanalisi, viene proposta una particolare attenzione all’ascolto della ripetizione di aspetti particolari del transfert, che per-mettano di individuare segmenti transferali-controtransferali utili a dif-ferenziare ciò che concerne i vissuti del paziente da quelli dell’analista. Sono descritti tre flash clinici esplicativi anche dell’evoluzione di alcune teorie di riferimento dell’autrice nel tempo.

Alfredo Lombardozzi

Forme della narrazione, Mito e fiaba tra continuità e cambiamento

PSICOTERAPIA PSICOANALITICA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

Nel lavoro vengono sviluppati alcuni temi relativi alla funzione del-la fiaba e del mito nel setting terapeutico, a partire da considerazioni sull’approccio agli studi sulle narrative tradizionali e le culture che le rappresentano da un vertice psicoanalitico. L’attenzione è centrata sul cambiamento delle funzioni narrative nei miti e nelle fiabe contempo-ranee in un contesto di grandi trasformazioni sul piano sociale che comporta importanti ricadute sulla psicologia individuale e di gruppo. Attraverso un approfondimento delle funzioni terapeutiche in alcuni contesti clinici individuali e di gruppo viene portata avanti una prospet-tiva interdisciplinare che coniuga l’analisi antropologica alla dimensio-ne teorico-clinica psicoanalitica.

Adriana Gagliardi

Editoriale

PSICOTERAPIA PSICOANALITICA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

Rosa Lombardi

Book reviews

FINANCIAL REPORTING

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

Brigitte de Graaff, Bert Steens, Kees Camfferman

Integrated reporting: Much ado about nothing?

FINANCIAL REPORTING

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

Integrated reporting, which helps companies to share their value creation pro-cesses with their stakeholders, has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the increased attention paid to the International Integrated Reporting Framework is-sued by the International Integrated Reporting Council, the number of companies worldwide engaging in integrated reporting is continually rising, which is presuma-bly driven by the claimed benefits of this practice. Through recourse to legitimacy theory and management fashion theory, here we provide a preliminary assessment of the development of integrated reporting, alongside considering the potential in-fluence of academic research in its growth. We review the existing body of aca-demic literature on this topic, ultimately identifying 123 claims about the benefits of IR from 29 papers published in 15 journals between May 2011 and September 2016, before proceeding to analyse both the sources and the level of substantia-tion of these claims. Our findings suggest that only a few of the purported ad-vantages of integrated reporting are supported by actual empirical evidence, while most of the claims only cite a limited number of primary sources. Based on these results and our assessment of the development of the concept of IR, we propose a future research agenda.

Carlo Bagnoli, Antonio Costantini, Maurizio Massaro

Improving business model disclosure in the annual report: Insights from an interventionist research project

FINANCIAL REPORTING

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

Responding to the calls for empirical research on the extent and nature of business model reporting, this paper has the purpose to assess the quality of busi-ness model disclosure. To accomplish this purpose, the study takes advantage of an interventionist research project that was conducted in an Italian listed compa-ny operating in the information technology industry to investigate how the busi-ness model was disclosed in the annual report and provide feedback to support possible changes. The study uses a framework of analysis that helped to assess the quality of business model disclosure in terms of three attributes: amount, spread and connectivity. The annual report of two consecutive fiscal years was analyzed. The study mainly shows that the measurement and assessment of BM disclo-sure quality can facilitate its improvement. The analysis enabled meaningful in-sights on BM’s quality to emerge, delivering evidence on the relative importance, coverage and interconnections of BM’s disclosed components. Further, the inter-ventionist approach helped to shape managers’ view on how to tackle disclosure issues and offer more effective communication of the BM according to the com-pany purposes.

The present study investigates the effects of women on companies’ boards on the quality of non-financial information, and the influence that a mandatory ap-proach has on this relationship. Previous studies have dealt with analysing the ef-fects of female presence on CSR or ESG information, but few pieces of research have taken into account other strands of non-financial information and have re-sorted to an index to measure its quality. Therefore, this study aims to contribute by extending the analysis to any type of non-financial information communicated by a company. Moreover, the present research contributes to the strand of litera-ture investigating the role of women on companies’ boards. In fact, the results of the OLS regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of women with an ex-ecutive role positively influences the quality of disclosure in Italy, and this rela-tionship is not influenced by the advanced stage of application of the regulation on gender quotas. Moreover, disclosure quality is significantly higher for firms that disclose a non-financial statement. Nevertheless, the study suffers from some limi-tations with respect to the sample size and the analysis of the trend in reporting af-ter the introduction of Directive 2014/95/EU.

Michele Guidi, Marco Giuliani, Maria Serena Chiucchi, Stefano Marasca

The assurance of non-financial disclosure: A longitudinal analysis of the academic and professional literature

FINANCIAL REPORTING

Fascicolo: 2 / 2021

Various studies argue that non-financial information is particularly relevant for business stakeholders. To reduce the risks related to information asymmetries and "window dressing" practices and to enhance the credibility of non-financial information, the need for assurance has arisen. In recent years, scientific and professional interest in the issues related to the assurance of non-financial information has increased. Up to now, there have been very few studies on the evolution of non-financial disclosure (NFD) assurance, nor have scholars addressed the possible gaps and future research perspectives in this field. A systematic review is developed with the following aims: first, to explore the evolution of the NFD assurance literature by systematising academic studies (i.e., papers published in scientific journals) and professional contributions (i.e., papers published in non-scientific sources) from the auditing field, and second, to understand whether theory and practice have influenced each other in the field of NFD assurance, i.e., whether a bridge between theory and practice can be identified within this discourse. The main findings are the following: firstly, four stages can be identified in the evolution of the study of NFD assurance, and secondly, there is virtually no interaction between theory and practice, as practically no scientific papers are mentioned in professional papers, while academic scholars consider professional publications only as empirical data sources.

Avijit Karmakar, Pradip Kumar Sadhu, Soumya Das

Performance analysis of standalone photovoltaic power generation in different load conditions in India

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

The conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by the design of energy-efficient way is the key objective of this paper, which can be used as a main source of power for the main building of Polytechnic Institute to meet its daily energy requirement by replacing the all exist-ing fluorescent lighting loads to LEDs. The main purpose to choose a standalone photovoltaic system is due to the huge power cut in this location. This institute is situated in a rural area of West Bengal, India. The use of photovoltaic power relies upon assortment factors, such as structuring, topographical area, climate condition, sun-based irradiance, and burden utilization. Point by point use examinations including the two sorts of lighting burden, establishment, and upkeep of sun-based PV framework amid its life expectancy has been completed. Moreover, the analysis has two dimensions, one is cost comparison and payback calculation with respect to energy by replacement of load and another is, though the initial investment is high in a off-grid photovoltaic system, during the life span of the scheme, it not only returns this capital in-vestment but also gains substantial dividend.

Duc-Truong Dinh, Thu-Nga Do, Thi-Thoa Le, Ngoc-Bao Pham, Anh-Duc Trinh, Duc-Huu Nguyen, Wilawan Khanitchaidecha

Utilization of biogas as an untapped renewable energy source in Vietnam

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

In Asia, Vietnam is one of the countries severely affected by energy shortages and climate change. Development of renewable energy from livestock wastes, e.g., production of electricity from biogas, is a solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution from untreated livestock wastes, as well as energy shortages. So that, biogas technology has been researched and applied in Vietnam since the 1960s. The development and state-of-art issue of household biogas, specifically, the opportunities and constraints of household biogas are presented in this paper. There are several opportunities for household biogas development, including, the availability of biogas fermentation materials, energy shortage issues, and policy support from the Government of Vietnam and international organizations. Besides, barriers encountered in household biogas development in Vietnam included technical barriers, financial policy barriers, awareness and capacity limitations. The capacity building should include the dissemination and update of policy to maintain transparency and credibility for attracting potential domestic investors. Training courses should be provided to technical staff of biogas digester on operation and maintenance. Measures should be taken to improve the policy and mechanisms, especially, financial mechanisms.

Leezna Saleem, Imran Ahmad Siddiqui , Intikhab Ulfat

The prioritization of renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: An urgent need

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

Pakistan is the world’s sixth most populous country, currently facing the worst energy crisis. Although rich in renewable resources, Pakistan’s energy system relies mainly on fossil fuels and imported energy for its energy needs. This study aims to use an analytical hierarchy pro-cess to prioritize six renewable technologies for Pakistan, with four criteria and thirteen subcriteria. The results indicate that solar power is particularly well suited for Pakistan, as it gained 42% priority weightage in the final aggregation. Wind energy is ranked second with a priority weight of 24%, followed by hydro 13%, biomass 9%, ocean 8% and geothermal en-ergy 3%. Solar and wind energies accounted for nearly 66% of the total weightage. This result highlighted the significance of economic criteria for the selection of renewable technologies in Pakistan, with around 43% priority weightage. Environmental criteria gained 19% whereas socio-political criteria registered 14% and technical criteria 23% priority weightage. During the potential assessment of the research, it was concluded that although renewable resource development has not been allocated sufficient attention in Pakistan in the past, if the correct decisions are taken regarding the exploitation of these resources, this can remedy the country’s hazardous dependence on fossil fuel and imported energy.

Emmanuel Uche, Lionel Effiom

Oil price, exchange rate and stock price in Nigeria: Fresh insights based on quantile ARDL model

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

The pass-through of oil price to various macroeconomic aggregates, including the exchange rates and stock prices have been vigorously studied in the past albeit varying submissions. More so, these studies considered the relationship only within the conditional mean. To pro-vide fresh insights about the heterogeneous impacts, this study re-examines the dynamic pass-through of international oil prices to exchange rates and stock prices in Nigeria using the Quantile ARDL model. The quantile ARDL accounts for locational asymmetries among varia-bles. Findings indicate that the spillover effects of oil price shocks on both the exchange rate and stock prices in Nigeria are heterogeneous and differ significantly across the quantile dis-tributions of the foreign exchange and stock markets. The impact increases over time with greater impacts recorded at quantiles below the median. On this background, specific policies targeting the peculiar effects at each quantile of exchange rate and stock prices will ensure op-timal performance leading to higher returns to investors and market practitioners.

Francesco Colelli, Edoardo Croci

Assessment of environmental and economic benefits of packaging waste system in Italy

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

The paper quantifies social costs and social benefits of packaging waste management system in Italy from 2015 to 2030. Future social costs and benefits are estimated based on the growth of waste generated and on the stringency of recycling and landfilling targets. Packaging waste generation is projected based on macroeconomic factors, consumer practices and technological eco-innovations. Social benefits are derived by the reduction of externalities’ correspondent to the achievement of packaging waste management targets. We quantify two environmental ben-efits: avoided emissions and raw materials saved. We find that social costs may rise substan-tially in the future, as total system’s operations costs in 2030 may increase by 48% with re-spect to 2015, due to the growth in the quantities of packaging waste generated. Meeting recy-cling and landfilling targets set by the new Circular Economy Package would imply a further 5% increase in total social costs in 2015. This latter increase is more than compensated by so-cial benefits related to the reduction in externalities due to more stringent targets.

Parakram Pyakurel

Green growth or degrowth? Evaluating the potential of technology for sustainability

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

The raging debate between green growth and degrowth continues. Technology is a focal point in this debate as the advocates of green growth and degrowth have contradictory views on the roles and impacts of technology on environment and society. Green growth advocates believe that technology can allow indefinite growth while simultaneously ensuring environmental and societal sustainability, whereas the degrowth advocates argue that technological progress cannot allow indefinite growth. These views are largely opinion based rather than informed by objective and systematic analyses because comprehensive tools to evaluate the roles and impacts of technology on environment and society do not yet exist. This paper develops a much-needed framework to comprehensively evaluate the roles of technology on environment and society by analysing the interactions among the dimensions of technology, environment, economy and society. Key parameters that characterise technology are proposed for its evaluation and the policy implications of technological evaluations are examined. Finally, potential future research directions are explored. The technological evaluation approach proposed in this paper has a potential to significantly advance the green growth versus degrowth debate.

Jacques Percebois, Stanislas Pommeret

What can be learned from the French partial nuclear shutdown of 2016?

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

The penetration of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mixes impact the wholesale price. In the absence of electricity storing capacities at reasonable costs, the back-up of the intermittent renewable energies is ensured by fossil or nuclear power plants. In 2016 the French Nuclear Safety Authority has ordered the shutdown of a large part of nuclear units for safety reasons. This paper analyses the impact of such a decision both on the evolution of the whole-sale price of electricity and on the French commercial balance. Although the resulting mix from the partial shutdown of the nuclear power plants was able to produce the electrical energy consumed, it was unable to keep up with demand. This has resulted in a very sharp increase in the price of electricity on the spot market and in massive electricity imports at peak times. Moreover the carbon electricity footprint produced in France is much lower than the one pro-duced by its neighbors. Consequently, the nuclear partial shutdown has a negative climatic impact resulting in a deterioration of the citizen welfare. Thus, the French experience of 2016 teaches us that in the absence of electricity storage facilities, there is no point in trying to re-duce the share of nuclear and fossil fuels in the electricity mix. If the policymakers want to do so, they must ensure that massive electricity storage facilities are present and promote electrici-ty demand flexibility on a large scale. This study highlights also the divergence that can exist between the interest of the nuclear producer (higher revenues) and the collective interest (lower welfare and negative impact on the trade balance).

A cura della Redazione

Book reviews

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

Giovanni Michelagnoli

The modern Italian debate on the Walrasian theory of capitalization (1960-1971)

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

Historians have studied the intellectual relationships between Walrasian eco-nomic thought and the Italian tradition with a primary focus on nineteenth-century economic thought. Nevertheless, in the 1960s heated controversy over Walras’s capitalization theory, prompted by Sraffa (1960) and, even more, by Garegnani (1960), developed in Italy. This paper aims to reconstruct that debate to illustrate that, even during such a period of critical reappraisal, a number of Ital-ian economists held a fundamentally sceptical attitude towards a criticism of Walras’s scheme.

Guilherme Spinato Morlin

Inflation and Macroeconomics in the US during the Golden Age

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY

Fascicolo: 1 / 2021

This paper reviews interpretations of the moderate inflation observed in the US during the 1950s and early 1960s. In this period, moderate and persistent inflation disconcerted economists and challenged policymakers. The opposition between demand-pull and cost-push views stimulated different interpretations, as sectorial demand-shift inflation theory and the modified Phillips curve. As policy targeted growth and employment, incomes policy was applied to contain inflation. The pa-per provides an overview of explanations to the moderate inflationary process in light of the historical events of the Golden Age of capitalism.