RISULTATI RICERCA

The indirect exposure to war could have an impact on children's construction of meaning about peace and war. The study investigates Italian children's representations of peace and war by observing the contents and expressive connotations of their drawings, and the possible influences of the conflict in Ukraine.Drawings of peace and war of 38 children (M = 9.43, SD = 1.47) were collected in Italy in the Spring of 2022 after the beginning of the war in Ukraine. Parents answered a socio-demographical questionnaire, including information about family indirect experience of war. According to previous literature, peace images resulted as positive actions or absence of war, and war images are typical objects and activities of war. In contrast to the negative connotation of war drawings, peace drawings were more colored and convey a positive expressivity. The majority of children began by representing peace and included few people in both drawings. The frequencies of references to the war in Ukraine are not high, even if the majority of children talked about war with their parents after the beginning of the war in Ukraine. Educational implications of understanding the representations of peace and war in children with indirect exposure to conflicts are discussed.

This article aims to contribute to the debate on the reform process affecting public health in many Western countries by focusing on the Italian situation. The analytical choice of theme stems from the centrality assumed in Welfare State systems by the paradigm of «working together», which refers first and foremost to the founding objectives of the creation of a national service for the protection of health and the care of people, as well as to the current urgent need for a structural-functional overhaul to guarantee economic sustainability and restore value to public protection. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the national health systems have suffered an aggravation of the antecedent crisis factors, which include the strengthening of primary health care services in the Italian context leading to the introduction and experimentation of «Case della salute» in 2007, converted by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) into «Case di Comunità». A change that recalls the need for collaborative action between all stakeholders - institutional and community - not only for the defense of public health against the private dimensions that have progressively entered its structure but also for a new architecture of care and assistance models that looks to «territorialization» as an important tool for universalism. For developing this reflection, field studies, scientific articles, grey literature, and regulatory acts were used. Long abstract

Oggi si è produttori di continue performance. Non solo il lavoratore deve generare continue prestazioni, ma ogni momento, anche il tempo “libero”, è occasione per produrre contenuti, progetti e prestazioni, in un’eterna corsa competitiva che porta a stanchezza e nuove alienazioni. L’individuo moderno, così, diventa performer, subendo sia il rapporto con il tempo, percepito come sempre più veloce, frenetico e da riempire, sia la relazione con le tecnologie, ormai pervasive nella quotidianità digitale. L’articolo, partendo da un’analisi dei disturbi mentali presenti nei lavoratori sfruttati della gig economy, allarga lo sguardo oltre questi modelli di lavoro nocivi. Nel testo, infatti, si ipotizza l’esistenza di una dipendenza che colpisce consumatori e lavoratori e che si ripercuote sulle loro vite: la dipendenza da performance (performaholism). Long abstract

This work has a twofold research aim: to analyze the main individual factors associated with having benefited from regularization in Italy and to study the association between having benefited from regularization and the change in professional situation of first-generation immigrants regularly living in Italy. To achieve our research goals, we used data from the cross-sectional SCIF survey carried out by ISTAT in 2011-2012 and we performed logistic regression analysis. We found that those benefiting from regularization have a lasting presence in Italy and that regularization proves significant in allowing immigrants to advance in the settlement process. Moreover, being men, middle-aged, resident in the regions of southern Italy, coming from countries with a consolidated history of migration towards Italy and having a good knowledge of Italian increase the likelihood of being regularized. Finally, there is a negative association between benefiting from regularization and improvements in professional situation. Long abstract

Overcrowding and harsh delivery of punishment characterise the Italian prison system. Nonetheless, labour in penal institutions should be a central aspect as a re-educative tool. Social farming is a specific declination of labour activities in prison with a high positive impact on prisoners. In Italy the number of prisoners involved in social farming activities has dropped in the last decade. The Marche region presents a reverse trend with an increase in the number of social farming activities in prisons. This study investigates the Marche region case study to evaluate its output and outcome in the background of reconstructive social theory by Vandenberghe. The qualitative research design adopted (short focused ethnography, interviews, focus groups) shows the number and characteristics of social farming outputs, and the outcomes for the prisoners, institutional stakeholders and citizens. The study highlights the importance of networking between different institutional stakeholders inside and outside the prison, the positive impact on the wellbeing of prisoners and the point of view of citizens and consumers of social farming products. The results highlight the role of social farming in prison as a morphogenetic agent of reconstruction processes for the institutional and administrative personnel, for prisoners and for all citizens as consumers of prison social farming products. Long abstract

L’articolo affronta il tema dell'inserimento lavorativo delle persone detenute, focalizzandosi su un progetto di ricerca-azione realizzato nel carcere di Bollate nel 2022 al fine di favorire il reinserimento tramite lavoro esterno al carcere. Sono stati somministrati questionari strutturati e condotte interviste semi-strutturate ai detenuti partecipanti, accompagnate da osservazione partecipante durante le fasi del progetto. I principali risultati evidenziano un impatto positivo sulla reintegrazione sociale e lavorativa dei partecipanti, con 23 partecipanti su 30 che hanno ottenuto un contratto di lavoro: tale risultato è spiegabile principalmente (come emerge dalle interviste qui analizzate) con le caratteristiche specifiche del percorso di accompagnamento, orientamento e formazione realizzato. Vengono segnalate in conclusione le criticità riguardanti la selezione dei partecipanti e la gestione dei processi, che necessitano di miglioramenti in vista dei futuri cicli di progetto. Long abstract

Il contributo si interroga circa la possibilità di utilizzare l’epigenetica e le neuroscienze ai fini dell’elaborazione di politiche criminali e sociali volte al reinserimento delle persone detenute. Dopo aver analizzato in breve le questioni etiche e giuridiche sul tema della rieducazione e risocializzazione del detenuto, si propone un approccio multidisciplinare e comparatistico del tema. Il fine è quello di valutare la compatibilità con il nostro ordinamento di metodologie di intervento incentrate sulle neuroscienze cognitive e sociali in grado di favorire forme di sviluppo sociale. Long abstract

Le ICT e i sistemi di IA permeano ormai ogni aspetto della realtà, con un impatto anche sulla giustizia penale e sul sistema penitenziario. La Carta etica europea del 2018 segnala i rischi di tali tecnologie per i diritti fondamentali, tra cui il principio rieducativo della pena. Le ICT offrono, però, anche opportunità per il monitoraggio e il trattamento tempestivo delle condizioni dei detenuti, specialmente nei casi più critici, come emerge in istituti penitenziari di altri ordinamenti. Questo contributo intende esplorare le possibili opportunità nonché rischi e potenziali vulnus a principi costituzionali dell’IA impiegata nella giustizia predittiva e nelle carceri. Si intende, inoltre, delineare un quadro sull’attuale utilizzo di ICT, in particolare quelle AI based, negli istituti penitenziari fornendo una panoramica internazionale del fenomeno, mettendo in luce soprattutto esempi virtuosi di tali applicazioni ai fini di un effettivo reinserimento sociale. Long abstract

This study examines the effects of incarceration on post-release marginalization in a northern Italian metropolitan area, focusing on the enduring stigma and social exclusion faced by formerly incarcerated individuals. While international research on prisoner reentry is extensive, the Italian context remains underexplored, partly due to limited critical analysis of pre-incarceration factors and challenges in accessing this population for qualitative research. The reentry process is conceptualized as a cyclical phenomenon with three stages: pre-release, release, and post-release. The latter phase proves particularly challenging, with recidivism rates of 50% to 70% within five years, perpetuating a costly cycle of reoffending and reincarceration. Incarceration disrupts relationships, employment, housing, and access to social services, exacerbating vulnerabilities among marginalized groups, including undocumented migrants, individuals with mental health or substance use disorders, and those in poverty. Using qualitative methods, the study draws on interviews with 15 formerly incarcerated individuals and focus groups with rehabilitation practitioners to explore the persistence of stigma and marginalization after release. It also investigates how metropolitan settings influence reintegration, highlighting the continued struggles in overcoming societal barriers and achieving successful reentry. Long abstract