RISULTATI RICERCA

How did the international economic circles look at the multiple crises that Italy faced between 1989 and 1994? This paper provides a tentative answer to this question by reconstructing the comments published in The Economist during that period concerning the most relevant Italian events: the mafia and Camorra massacres, the referendum and electoral changes, the crisis of the development model based on corporate and familistic capitalism, privatizations (promised and never fully implemented, at least not as the international markets would have hoped). Through the analysis of those years, we shall highlight the critical issues of a country that, seen from the outside, missed the opportunity for its modernization.

Friedrich Hayek’s views on monetary reform remarkably changed during his lifetime. From an initial stance of defending the gold standard and identifying credit stabilization as the primary goal of monetary policy, Hayek eventually shifted to supporting price stabilization and even proposed ending the central bank’s monopoly on money. This article sheds light on these discrepancies by integrating Hayek’s work as an economist with his research outside the field of pure economics. Hayek’s enquiries concerning monetary influences on real economy, as explored in The Pure Theory of Capital, as well as his development of the category of the abstract in his epistemological research, can help clarifying his transition from credit-stabilization to price-stabilization and his abandonment of a fixed mechanism in favor of a competitive process for the establishment of the optimal currency.

The Greek troops announced the establishment of the Ionian State in Western Anatolia in July 1922, with its capital in Izmir. This state lasted five weeks until the Turkish army came to Izmir on September 9, 1922. The economic uncertainties during the Greek Occupation and the Turkish War of Independence led to the bankruptcy of the Greek economy. The article also examined the economic reasons behind the conflicts of interest and conflicts between the Allied Powers and the Greek powers. It also looked at the economic structures of the Ionian State, which were not internationally recognized. The measures taken by the Ionian State did not have the possibility of monetary expansion, together with extraordinary budgets and obligatory borrowings. The article also looked into the Turkish-Greek Population Exchange, which occurred later and caused the problems today. Jel Classification: B1, B10, N1, N15

This paper explores Latvia’s privatization methods initiated in 1993, and the most influential entities involved: Germany and the Scandinavian countries. Germany’s interests in willing to pursue a policy of influence in the Baltic area, the desire of the Scandinavian countries to reposition themselves in the post-Cold War scenario in the Baltic zone and the willingness of the Baltic republics to be welcomed into Western institutions will be analyzed. During the first period of privatization, Latvia introduced a voucher privatization model allowing its citizens to bid for shares in state-owned firms. For the second period, it was chosen a model similar to Germany – with the establishment of the Privatization Agency. By the early 2000s, a large fraction of the State assets was privatized, incentivizing a surge of foreign direct investment and reshaping the economy. This research suggests that privatization wasn’t merely an economic venture but interwoven with Latvia’s endeavor to reposition its national identity after the Cold War. The research also provides a broader perspective on Latvia’s economic journey from its Soviet associations, particularly with Russia, to its strategic gate to Western economic models. The study highlights Latvia’s delicate equilibrium between European assimilation and its historical Russian connections, underlining the societal and cultural ramifications of these economic evolutions.

This research examines the influence of Prebisch’s work on contemporary academic debates in development studies. To this end, a systematic literature review of studies published in the main development studies journals over the period 20102021 was conducted. A total of 139 articles were located and analyzed thematically. The articles were categorized according to their analytical approach, bibliographic citations, themes, treatment (anecdotal or deep), and misunderstandings and omissions of Prebisch’s thought. With some exceptions, most of the articles allude to Prebisch in an anecdotal way, without delving into his thought and his extensive work. The results reveal a notable lack of knowledge about a pioneering author in development studies, especially regarding the final stage of his thought in which he tried to formulate a global theory of development. Despite this, Prebisch’s thought connects with lines of research at the frontier of knowledge on the entrepreneurial state, ecologically unequal exchange, or post-extractivisms. A research and political agenda focused on his legacy requires placing at the center of the development debate issues such as the social use of surplus, the concentration of means of production, technological progress, industrialization, environmental challenges and, above all, the ethics of development.

Questa selezione di abstract è particolarmente ricca nell’ambito di differenti domini, dove l’ipnosi è ormai accreditata come metodica affidabile di intervento e di ricerca. Contributi significativi esaminano il ruolo dell’ipnosi come parametro chiave coinvolto in studi sperimentali che utilizzano paradigmi neuro-comportamentali, in cui essa conferisce al cervello l’abilità di modulare e alterare efficacemente la processazione della memoria e dolore, l’espressività di effetti cognitivi consolidati (come lo Stroop e lo Hayling), ed i correlati fisiologici che emergono da obiettività all’EEG e al neuroimaging (fMRI e PET). Altri contributi hanno sottoposto a revisione il ruolo dell’ipnosi in comparazione / in associazione ad altre metodiche terapeutiche, e la posizione epistemica di primo ordine occupata anche come forma di indagine stessa. L’avanzamento nell’uso clinico dell’ipnosi ericksoniana viene esaminato nelle sue applicazioni al trattamento della depressione, del dolore e dello stress, in cui recenti risultati mettono in luce l’impatto delle aspettative, del rapport e della alleanza di lavoro in relazione agli outcome di trattamento.

Nuovi risultati sul riconsolidamento delle memorie traumatiche testimoniano che è possibile non solo modificare il vissuto legato alle esperienze del passato, ma cancellarlo riscrivendo la memoria implicita emotiva e i condizionamenti che ne sono derivati. Il presente studio nasce dall’esigenza di applicare la tecnica ipnotica al processo di riconsolidamento per trovare un modello di applicazione efficace nell’elaborazione e nella trasformazione del trauma con l’ipnosi. L’uso dell’ipnosi offre una serie di vantaggi legati alle sue caratteristiche fondamentali che verranno spiegati più avanti, pertanto, può essere proficuamente applicata con l’obiettivo di trasformare il trauma in risorsa e liberare la persona dal condizionamento conseguente al trauma. Applicando l’ipnosi al processo di deconsolidamento e riconsolidamento della memoria traumatica, si evidenziano tre tipi di risultati, da trattare in maniera diversa per arrivare all’obiettivo della trasformazione del trauma. L’articolo descrive questo processo e propone alcuni casi clinici che evidenziano la metodologia di applicazione dell’ipnosi al riconsolidamento della memoria traumatica.

“L’avvelenamento a catena” è una sintomatologia psicogena di massa segnalata tra le ragazze delle scuole superiori in Iran, caratterizzata da sintomi quali vertigini e nausea accompagnati da un odore o un sapore nocivo, e la cui causa rimane sconosciuta. Questo studio si propone di indagare l’efficacia dell’ipnoterapia cognitiva nel ridurre lo stress nelle studentesse iraniane affette da disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD) legato all’avvelenamento a catena nelle scuole. Sono state selezionate 22 studentesse, divise poi in due gruppi, tra i 16 ed i 18 anni affette da stress posttraumatico. Dopo l’intervento con ipnosi, nella fase post-test, è stata osservata una differenza significativa tra i punteggi di stress percepito e i sintomi di PTSD dei due gruppi. L’ipnoterapia ha ridotto lo stress percepito e i sintomi di PTSD nelle studentesse avvelenate del gruppo sperimentale (p=0,001). Conclusioni: l’ipnoterapia cognitiva è efficace nel ridurre lo stress percepito ed i sintomi della PTSD nelle ragazze con un disturbo post-traumatico da stress.

La letteratura contemporanea relativa alla eziopatogenesi dei disturbi mentali gravi pone sempre maggiore enfasi sulle forme disfunzionali di accudimento come predittori di sofferenza mentale e fisica in adolescenza ed età adulta. Questo lavoro pone in relazione l’analisi del neglect e del maltreatment, ovvero delle forme disfunzionali di caregiving, con i principi fondativi della psicoterapia ipnotica ericksoniana, proponendo l’ipotesi che, in una prospettiva naturalistica, l’ipnosi possa costituire uno strumento di elezione nel trattamento dei disturbi mentali gravi.

Objective: This survey aims to explore the quality of social and health services provided by a psychiatric Day Centre according to the representations proposed by the various actors involved. Methods: The quality topic was investigated through a mixed research approach, which is useful for acquiring both qualitative and quantitative information, integrating various sources (operators, technicians, and users), and using different survey techniques. A pool of instruments was defined, ranging from measures of association and graduation between variables (Pearson’s X², Kendall’s Tau-c) to lexicometric analysis on narrative-type sources, functional to formulating hypotheses on the actual functioning of the Service. Results: An overall set of quality performance indicators of the Day Centre was identified, to suggest specific lines of organizational intervention. Conclusions: A vision of Quality as the productive competence of a given health context in providing effective and sustainable responses to the health demand of the population served is described. It can be assessed through a survey procedure based on qualitative-quantitative methods of reading and analyzing specific indicators deduced from the social representations of the actors involved.

The present paper emphasizes the central role of meaning in human action, highlighting how the analysis of its emergence and reproduction can offer insights into complex phenomena, including the challenges posed by contemporary society, with a particular focus on the climate crisis. A micro-genetic model of the constitution of experience is initially proposed, followed by a presentation of the concept of “value of life” of signs. Next, the article introduces the Semiotic-Cultural Psychology Theory (SCPT), highlighting its processual interpretation of culture understood as a continuous sensemaking process. Two empirical studies are presented that apply the theoretical framework of SCPT, demonstrating the impact of meaning systems on pro-environmental behaviors: the first explores the relationship between wildfire risk perception and preventive behaviors and the moderating role played by symbolic universes, while the second analyzes the role of affect in the link between attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors. The results underscore the crucial importance of the symbolic universes and lines of semiotic force in shaping individuals’ perceptions, thoughts, and actions, suggesting relevant theoretical and practical implications for promoting a culture of sustainability.

Perfectionism is characterized by beliefs and feelings that drive individuals to pursue unattainable standards of excellence and impeccability, often at the expense of their psychological and physical well-being. It correlates with many psychopathologies and a heightened suicide risk; and it can be also an aspect of a multiplicity of personality disorders. Perfectionism seems a common phenomenon among psychological practitioners too, and the very few studies that focus on it overall suggest that perfectionism in therapists is negatively correlated with therapy effectiveness, and positively correlated with therapist emotional distress (e.g., negative emotions toward patient characteristics or demands); but it is not clear the mechanism underlying these correlations. In this paper we present a hypothesis on the process underlying the relationship between therapist perfectionism, therapist emotional distress, and ineffectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Starting with a parallel analysis of a clinical case and supervision over it, we show that perfectionism may be part of an overall organization of the meaning of the experience that the therapist brings into the relationship, which we call Prototypical Adaptive Modality of Existence (PAME). We show how the therapist’s perfectionist PAME functions as an automatic process that hinders intersubjective attunement with the patient; finally, we show how a supervisory process focused on the shared exploration of the therapist’s perfectionist PAME, of its developmental genesis, and of its impact on the supervisory relationship can modulate the therapist’s perfectionism, foster attunement with the patient, functionally modify the line of intervention, and foster a positive outcome.

This study builds upon the methodological framework established by Castelnuovo et al. (2023) to analyze the influence of the intervention context (market) on professional psychological practice. Despite ongoing efforts to define psychologist, clinical psychologist, and psychotherapist roles, we argue that these definitions are insufficient to safeguard both professional practice and client well-being. Regulatory frameworks contained by intervention contexts can create conditions that limit the scope of psychological practice. This limitation stems from the introduction of “other players” and the roles assigned to them by regulations. This can lead to a concerning marginalization of core psychological functions, such as diagnosis. We demonstrate that intervention context significantly impacts the profession’s scope, influencing crucial aspects like the diagnostic function. The legal context is presented as a specific example for further discussion.